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A view of New York City behind Secretary Gale Norton in a lower Manhattan office space in 2006.

Downsizing Becomes Normal

… from American corporations have continued unaffected by weather, criticism, or the economy. Fifty-eight thousand … Give your life to IBM and it will take care of you, was the understanding. Job security first became a central … were barely half those in other occupational sectors. When Myers’s father urged him to accept a white-collar …
Sobaek Mountain

A Postcard from Yeongju, South Korea

… Yeongju, a city in South Korea, is famous as the historic home of the Seonbi, Confucian scholars who … active today. With more than 1,000 years of history, it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 and … as alleviating hunger. Ganghakdang in Sosu Seowon. When entering Sosu Seowon, the first building that visitors …
 Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner book Cover.

He Led His People Into the Desert

Review of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… To describe the life of Brigham Young requires a mastery of subtlety and … painted nineteenth-century Mormonism as culturally deviant, when situated amongst the diverse milieu of utopian, … and thus encouraged civilizing missions as long as it was convenient.  However, when conflicts arose between …
Cover of Caesar A Life in Western Culture by Maria Wyke.

A Man for All Seasons

Review of Caesar: A Life in Western Culture, by Maria Wyke (Chicago 2008)
… Dallas DeForest reviewed Richard Stoneman's book on the reception from ancient to modern times of the legends … or in intellectual history generally.  Wyke is at her best when she discusses the uses to which Caesar's legend is put … Wyke shows that, depending on context and purpose, Caesar was viewed by the Franks in the Middle Ages either as cruel …
Cover of A Wicked Company The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom.

Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons

Review of A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment, by Philipp Blom (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… Blom's explicit aim in writing this book is to rehabilitate the historical reputation of the overlooked radical … argues that Holbach's most important contribution, however, was hosting the most radical of salons in his Paris home.  … them of betrayals and conspiracies to humiliate him.  When Holbach sends him a gift of his favorite wine, Rousseau …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… With 2002 drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players … ghosts of a mythic southern past became the glorious, whitewashed heroes. By the end of the nineteenth century, these … the weakness of this attempt during his Pascagoula apology, when he turned from his earlier admiration for …
Film poster for Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995).

Top Ten Origins: Bollywood Films

… “Bollywood” is the name that the Anglophone press in India gave to … to their children but to land and the country. Mother India was released ten years after India’s independence from the … time. The production budget for a single song, “Why Fear When You Are in Love,” was almost as much as the budgets for …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… Koistinen in his new book State of War can be summed up in the following data point: twenty years after the end of thethe armed services themselves. He then moves outward from Washington. Chapter 4 considers the growth of the defense … has spent roughly $7.5 trillion on nuclear weapons, but when he takes us to visit warehouses full of mothballed …
J.P. Morgan

Time (Yet Again) for Preventative Regulation

… First, look at the nation’s history: The Bush administration, Ben Bernanke … and made Morgan a small fortune in the process. But this was part of a larger battle over regulation. In contrast … central philosophy of 1912: tough preventative oversight, when risk-takers are making outsized profits. Christopher …
Antichristus, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder: the pope depicted as the Antichrist, using his temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler.

The Bible as a Political Tool

The 5,280-pound monument of the Ten Commandments installed … Revolution. On the very day that American independence was declared, a committee consisting of Benjamin Franklin, … relief of Moses is in the House of Representatives.   When Judge Moore and his Alabama supporters use the Bible to …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… Today, Ludlow, Colorado is a ghost town. Like so many other small mining towns that sprung up during the mining … world's largest industrial economy. Eventually, the coal was used up, and the town simply became no more. Ludlow, … a thug for J.H. Blair [Harlan County Sheriff].” In a time when the cost of rights in the workplace could be measured …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… Map of the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. This year marks … the tragedies of partition, whereby British-ruled India was divided into two separate, independent states. The … which they argue was unable to overcome these divisions when imagining an independent India. Still others focus on …
Bartolome de las Casas

Bartolomé de las Casas and 500 Years of Racial Injustice

… This year marks the 500-year anniversary of the pricking of one man's … Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, which was published during his lifetime (c. 1484–1566). Through … European empires paid little attention to this moral idea when so much wealth and power was at stake. This …
map of Yugoslavia

What Victory in Yugoslavia May Mean for Future Wars

… For eighty years a heated argument has been raging within the U.S. military. The war in Yugoslavia may finally have … in the 1920s. He argued that most of the U.S. military was obsolete. The United States needed only a powerful air … uses these resources. But civilians use them much more. And when bombs go astray (as they are bound to do sometimes) …
Wedding rings.

Getting Government Out of Marriage, and Vice Versa

… According to the opponents of gay marriage, the Nov. 18 Massachusetts … the state kept out of the nuptial bed. On those occasions when couples decided to seek recognition for their union, it was from the clergy, not the government’s fee collector. In …