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State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… Koistinen in his new book State of War can be summed up in the following data point: twenty years after the end of thethe armed services themselves. He then moves outward from Washington. Chapter 4 considers the growth of the defense … has spent roughly $7.5 trillion on nuclear weapons, but when he takes us to visit warehouses full of mothballed …
A scene from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Remembering '56: The Hungarian Revolution

… On October 23, Hungarians marked the 60 th anniversary of the ill-fated revolution that ended … denunciation of Stalin to the Suez Crisis, 1956 was a year of momentous changes and crises in the Cold War … hopes of steering the movement towards a peaceful outcome. When crowds of unarmed civilians were gunned down on that …
J.P. Morgan

Time (Yet Again) for Preventative Regulation

… First, look at the nation’s history: The Bush administration, Ben Bernanke … and made Morgan a small fortune in the process. But this was part of a larger battle over regulation. In contrast … central philosophy of 1912: tough preventative oversight, when risk-takers are making outsized profits. Christopher …
Antichristus, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder: the pope depicted as the Antichrist, using his temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler.

The Bible as a Political Tool

The 5,280-pound monument of the Ten Commandments installed … Revolution. On the very day that American independence was declared, a committee consisting of Benjamin Franklin, … relief of Moses is in the House of Representatives.   When Judge Moore and his Alabama supporters use the Bible to …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… Today, Ludlow, Colorado is a ghost town. Like so many other small mining towns that sprung up during the mining … world's largest industrial economy. Eventually, the coal was used up, and the town simply became no more. Ludlow, … a thug for J.H. Blair [Harlan County Sheriff].” In a time when the cost of rights in the workplace could be measured …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… Map of the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. This year marks … the tragedies of partition, whereby British-ruled India was divided into two separate, independent states. The … which they argue was unable to overcome these divisions when imagining an independent India. Still others focus on …
Bartolome de las Casas

Bartolomé de las Casas and 500 Years of Racial Injustice

… This year marks the 500-year anniversary of the pricking of one man's … Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, which was published during his lifetime (c. 1484–1566). Through … European empires paid little attention to this moral idea when so much wealth and power was at stake. This …
map of Yugoslavia

What Victory in Yugoslavia May Mean for Future Wars

… For eighty years a heated argument has been raging within the U.S. military. The war in Yugoslavia may finally have … in the 1920s. He argued that most of the U.S. military was obsolete. The United States needed only a powerful air … uses these resources. But civilians use them much more. And when bombs go astray (as they are bound to do sometimes) …
Cover of Vodka Politics by Mark Lawrence Schrad

Bottoms Up, or Race to the Bottom?

Review of Vodka Politics: Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State, by Mark Lawrence Schrad (New York: Oxford UP, 2014)
… I am sure I am not the only foreigner to have ended up in an emergency room … poisonous cognac which – along with “third shift” vodka – was ubiquitous in the Russia of the 1990s. The doctor on … reason Russians have become so dependent upon alcohol. Whenever the state worries about the effects of alcohol on …
Harper's Weekly illustration

Top Ten Contested Political Conventions

… national political conventions are mostly infomercials. The nominee has long since been determined by state … how you score the Democrats in 1860) at which the outcome wasn’t clear at the outset. Anti-Masons 1831 William Wirt, … “…. and so little consequence did I attach to it, that whenever Masonry has been occasionally introduced as a …
October 23, 1983, a massive explosion ripped through the barracks of the battalion landing team (BLT) of the 24th Marine Amphibious Unit at the Beirut International Airport.

Middle East Remains Unstable 30 Years after Attacks on Peacekeepers in Lebanon

… a.m., October 23, 1983, a massive explosion ripped through the barracks of the battalion landing team (BLT) of the 24th … and one Lebanese custodian were killed in the attack. It was the greatest single-day loss of life for the Marine … Muslims, the Maronites objected to their presence. When violence broke out in 1975 after an unidentified gunman …
The Second Bank of the United States.

Enron’s Collapse Follows a Familiar Pattern

The crash of Texas-based energy trading corporation Enron is … had lost their deposits, and the federal government was left with a multi-billion dollar cleanup. In the 1990s, … public panicked. People rushed to withdraw their deposits when they realized that overextended banks could not cover …
Cover of The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union by Serhii Plokhy

"The Greatest Geopolitical Catastrophe of the Century"

Review of The Last Empire: The Final Days of the Soviet Union, by Serhii Plokhy (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
… by the Soviet Union’s ethnic patchwork. The watershed event was the three-day coup in August 1991. Gorbachev was on … forestall the referendum, among these Gorbachev himself and Leningrad mayor Anatoly Sobchak, who had among his protégés … looming the White House had no choice but to cut bait when it became clear that events in the Soviet Union were …
Schools often have dedicated computer labs which different classes share for studying and research.

The Fifth Wave?

… Is something odd happening to the American economy?        Alan Greenspan, chairman of the … on the short-term market. The problem is the same as it was for railroad executives in 1860 or industrialists in … the do-nothing administration of George Bush). So when Speaker Newt Gingrich talks about “techno-frontiers” …
Michelle Obama speaks at the 2008 Democratic National Convention

Superdelegates: An Obstacle on the Road to Democratic Elections

… Why’s that? Because the Democratic convention in Denver has the potential to … briefly with making the process more democratic. It was during that experiment, in 1976, that Washington … able to abide by legitimately achieved majority rule, even when the margin of victory was razor-thin. Superdelegates …
Cover of With Our Backs to the Wall Victory and Defeat in 1918 by David Stevenson.

The End of the War as They Knew It

Review of With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918, by David Stevenson (Cambridge, M.A.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
The year 1917 went badly for the Entente powers ("Allies") … Wilson's terms to the fateful day of September 28, 1918 when Ludendorff suffered a nervous breakdown. Four factors … personal role...the fighting [would not] have ended when and in the circumstances that it did." 6 The military …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… James Fenimore Cooper, the pioneering author of  The   Last of Mohicans  (1826), was no stranger to adventure. As a youth, he served several … of the moment, experiencing with new eyes “the instant when I could first distinguish the blades of grass at my …
The Fire of Rome, 18 July 64 AD, Oil on Canvas, Robert Hubert, 1785. In the Musee des Beaux-Arts Andre Malraux; Le Havre, France.

The Great Fire of Rome

… Mid-July, 64 CE, in the heart of Rome , tragedy struck as fire erupted into a … Referencing the mythical Greek Orpheus, Tacitus wrote, “when people looked back, menacing flames sprang up before … extent and the firefighting techniques implemented. Tacitus was alive during the conflagration unlike Suetonius who was