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Photo of a nuclear explosion.

The Dawn of the Second Cold War

… War will begin. The failed launch buys the United States some much needed time to revise its strategy for coping with … But in the Second Cold War, the United States will face incomprehensible foes that cannot be counted on to respond as … 2007 launch would have particular historical resonance, coming 50 years after the Soviet Union sent up the world's …
The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks' declaration from Flag Day 1919 that forbade membership in the organization to anarchists, Industrial Workers of the World, Bolsheviks, and other organizations perceived as unpatriotic.

Sanitizing American Tradition

Review of Inventing American Tradition: From the Mayflower to Cinco de Mayo, by Jack David Eller (London: Reaktion Books, 2018)
… survey of the given tradition’s popular history, identifies some of the myths surrounding it, and debunks them. He … as a jingoistic celebration of the flag. Perhaps the most compelling stories Eller tells come in the political and holiday tradition sections of the …
McCain formally announces his candidacy for president in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 2007.

Why McCain and His Running Mate Demand Special Scrutiny

… mates of even young and vigorous presidents should be completely qualified to take over all presidential duties in … melanomas, McCain has persevered. Certainly he has worked extraordinarily hard as a U.S. senator, hailed by his … life show the effects of the accelerated aging process that come with a presidency fraught with trials — like the one …
Spraying Pesticides - NARA 1940

Fifty Years After “Silent Spring,” Let’s Not Roll Back Environmental Protections

… of Kansas, are seeking to ease pesticide regulations; some are even questioning the Environmental Protection … by killer chemicals unwittingly unleashed by the scientific community. “Future historians may well be amazed by our … New Yorker serialized “Silent Spring,” a California reader complained to the magazine’s editor that “Miss Rachel …
President Ronald Reagan sitting in the Oval Office Study in 1985.

Misremembering Reagan

… conservatives invoke the name of Ronald Reagan as someone who truly represented core conservative ideals. … McCain, they charge, has betrayed the Reaganite faith by compromising these very ideals.For months Republican … doubt his conservative credentials. Hard-line conservative commentator Rush Limbaugh claims to want a Democrat as …
An image showing slaves working on a plantation on the island of Antigua in the early 1800s.

After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807

Review of After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807, by Marika Sherwood (I.B. Tauris, 2007)
… 2007 marked the bicentennial of an extraordinary event. In that year, the British Parliament … slave trade. While the anniversary passed without too much comment in the United States, it was commemorated widely in Britain. Out of that cultural moment …
Spanish and French troops in Afghanistan in 2005.

Calling Al-Qaeda Fascist Doesn’t Make It So

… a "totalitarian ideology" menacing people everywhere. This comparison between Islamic radicalism and fascism, which some commentators on the Right have trumpeted ever since 9/11, is …
soldiers patrolling in Iraq

The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 10 Years Later

… Within only twenty-one days’ time, an enemy army of some 400,000 men dissipated in the face of an invasion force … with a willful misleading of the public, and a war that committed a democratic nation’s armed forces to a … emotionally satisfying, but it oversimplifies a much more complicated picture. All three branches of the U.S. …
Photo of Tiananmen Square from 2007.

Bombings, Blood Debts, and Mutual Suspicion

… anger. In Hong Kong in June of that unforgettable year, on some days the number of marchers approached a million … a lengthy analysis in July 1989 explaining how the “anti-communist forces” of the capitalist world, led by the U.S. … prophetic. One after another, most of the world’s Communist governments collapsed, in an eerie reversal of the …
France and Its Empire Since 1870 Second Edition  Alice L. Conklin, Sarah Fishman, and Robert Zaretsky

Hot off the Presses: France and Its Empire Since 1870

…  -  "Providing an up-to-date synthesis of the history of an extraordinary nation--one that has been shrouded in myths, … seeks both to understand these myths and to uncover the complicated and often contradictory realities that underpin …
Closeup of a ram.

It’s Gay Rights, Not Gay Genes, That Matter

… since that decade; others remain stubbornly the same. Some gay men and lesbians during the Sixties accepted the … were torn as to how to gain acceptance from the straight community. Today’s emphases on gay pride and being openly … were nonexistent. Activists emphasized instead the commonalities between themselves and heterosexuals, …
Bartolome de las Casas

Bartolomé de las Casas and 500 Years of Racial Injustice

… natives of the New World.   Las Casas ( above ) rose to become one of the most influential thinkers of his day. He … all captives of war as potential slaves, yet there were some provisos. Theologians and philosophers in the School of … which allowed non-Catholics to convert instead of becoming slaves. Despite these legal caveats, Spanish …
Portrait of Jane Addams

Million Moms March in Noble Company

… children. What is different today is the often fatal outcomes of children's brutality towards one another, owing to the widespread availability of guns: Someone under 19 is killed every two hours by gunfire. It is … when one looks at gun deaths in the United States compared with other industrialized nations, that has …
President Bill Clinton addressing a high school in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1999.

The Politics of Compassion

… George Bush has begun his campaign by talking about "compassionate conservatism." After securing the nomination, … right-wing Republican leadership in Congress, following, some media pundits suggest, the Clinton precedent of 1992. … both parties represent the same conservative consensus and compete with each other over patronage and personality. …
The Prima Porta Statue shows a powerful and youthful Augustus making an address

Celebrating Roman Emperor Augustus

… forming a military junta, then violently eliminating any competition before fighting the other members of the junta. His triumph in this power struggle ended the competitive politics of Republican Rome and ushered in the … and intrigue, we recall Augustus fondly for reigning over some of the most famous writers in history, a wealthy and …
drawing of internet communications

What Will the Internet Bring?

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
Science & Technology
… This lesson plan focuses on comparing the spread of information due to both railroads … article “What the Internet Will Bring Us.” This article comes from 1999, prior to the internet’s mass spread. It gives the point of view of someone who had yet to see how much of an influence the …

Original Origins

… of the South Slavs (revised 2023)  [PDF] Tragedy in Somalia: Clans, Colonizers, Superpowers, and the Cult of …   [PDF] Manhood on Trial: Homosexuality, Conduct Unbecoming, and the Military   [PDF] The State of the World … View pdf. ]   Towards a Charter of Responsibilities  [PDF] Come Firewalk With me  [PDF] Racism, Hate and Free Speech: …
The Pride Flag being hoisted onto the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.

Hatred Aimed at Gays Hurts All

… other offenses go largely unreported in mainstream media. Some would argue that to focus on barbaric killings obscures … hands in public, embracing at an airport, or from being comfortable in workplaces where heterosexual family photos … signals of same-gender love. This culture has a deep and complicated history as the Freemasons engraving and poem …