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soldiers at the battle of Lincoln

King Stephen and The Anarchy: A Reign Reconsidered

… Matilda, daughter of Henry I, who fought Stephen for the throne. They now portray her as a skilled political strategist … figure in Anglo-Norman society, admired by both nobles and commoners for his wealth, charm, and decisiveness.  Stephen … on Empress Matilda’s absence in Normandy when Henry I died. With support from Londoners and the Church—secured …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… the social revolutions of the 1960s and early 1970s. One can speculate that Ira Katznelson has been listening to … issue of affirmative action. The book is held together by one overarching theme. As New Deal politicians began … When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal …
President Clinton and President-Elect Bush in December 2000.

Leadership and the New Bush Administration

… dimples, chads and absentee ballots has raised the ire of diehard partisans who will try to weaken the president by … otherwise, is a dynamic process that revolves around three complex elements — the leader, the followers and the … or in this case the next president, is a predictable, one-dimensional figure, acting in a vacuum. But a leader's …
Exterior view of the Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal, India,

The Bhopal Chemical Gas Disaster

… to be sacrificed on the altar of profit - we are flames, committed to conquering darkness, and we will continue the … referred to as “ Hiroshima of the chemical industry,” and one was an activist working with the survivors for over two … in their homes nearby.  It is  estimated that 10,000 people died instantly. Survivor organizations estimated 23,000 …
decorative element on a building

Karbala and the Sunni-Shia Split

Grade Level
4-8
Teaching Area
World History to 1500
World History since 1500
War & Peace
… 21st century, and is written at a level which is not easily comprehensible to 7th graders. I decided to create this … as it pertains to the content area of 7th grade social studies. In this grade, students learn about the transition … ways – as a political, religious, cultural, and semantic one. Students fill in a worksheet which asks them questions …
A portrait of U.S. Brig. Gen. William “Billy” Mitchell, who advocated for air power in the 1920s.

Rumsfeld Must Modernize U.S. Armed Forces

… believed, the U.S. military services had to become flexible and mobile enough to meet smaller and more … by as many as 72 fighters. These cuts are intended to free money to pay for advanced technology such as missile defense, … centuries. It is believed in Army circles that only a soldier on the ground can take and hold land. High technology …
The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks book cover.

The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain

Review of The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006)
… sex, drugs, and financial and electoral manipulation have become mainstays in political reportage. From Watergate to … thoroughly and a few others not defined at all. A general audience, not familiar with historical terms from the British … the issues of the Hastings trial throughout the book is one of its most striking strengths. Dirks' impressive …
The Thinker by Auguste Rodin

Graduate Students Discuss Public Intellectualism

… facilitator who makes the past relatable to a broad audience. While most academics may not have access to a … television channels to hundreds, as well as thousands of websites and blogs, means that it may be a mistake to refer … public, rather than a series of “publics,” plural. Thus one may be a public intellectual in one community, but …
A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681

Hostage Taking in Algeria Is a 200-Year-Old Story

… The State Department is probably very pleased with the outcome of last week’s hostage crisis in Algeria, although … Dozens of militants and hostages, including at least one American, were killed during a series of attacks by the … who joined the remnants of the earlier group (some had died or been released earlier). Not until 1796 did the new …
Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NATO Expansion in Eastern Europe: For What and For Whom?

… the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was the capstone of a policy, led and funded by the United States, to contain/encircle Soviet and Communist power in Eastern Europe, prevent powerful … no need to maintain military expenditures as corporate subsidies, and no need to wield a global big stick against Third …
Cover of Philanthropy in America: A History by Olivier Zunz.

The Gifts That Keep On Giving

Review of Philanthropy in America: A History, by Olivier Zunz (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to start with: What do Americans fund every year at levels comparable to annual budget of the Pentagon? Answer: the … proportion. What the wealthy should do with their money was a subject of considerable discussion – most … calls "mass philanthropy." Ordinary Americans, not just the super-rich, were encouraged in a variety of ways to …
The United States Declaration of Independence

The Writing Is Faded, the Message Lives

… became a national icon — the civic equivalent of stone tablets that Moses brought down from Mount Sinai. … original plan, of course. The final handwritten copy — the one that tens of millions have seen at the National Archives … was brilliant, but the process nearly destroyed the text. Compounding the damage was the decision in 1841 to put the …
Rick Santorum at prayer, 2012

Rick Santorum and Fundamentalist Catholicism

… in the polls among GOP voters precisely because he is so comfortable mixing politics and religion. He presents a … to the group, include “indulgences (allowing people to pay money to indulge in their sins), inquisition (torture and … countenance to a false Christianity, quite alien to the one Church of Christ.”   For the Vatican, in other words, …
The Nature of Childhood: An Environmental History of Growing Up in America since 1865 Book Cover

Play, Paranoia, and American Childhood in the Great Outdoors

Review of The Nature of Childhood: An Environmental History of Growing Up in America since 1865, by Pamela Riney-Kehrberg (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014)
… growing up in the Midwest and Great Plains. Chapter One describes how rural children lived “premodern” lives … of newspapers, periodicals, television programs, films, websites, and published works to tell her story, but she … War Two. Fear is also a significant topic in cultural studies, sociology, and psychology. For the historian of modern …
The BBC World Service podcast Witness brings listeners daily podcast shorts on key events in history, described first-hand by the individuals who lived through them.

Best in History Online: BBC's Witness Podcast

… fantastic history sites from around the web. These are websites that – much like Origins – seek to bring history … and war. The podcast is available on the BBC World Service website and on iTunes . Fans can also connect with Witness …

European Disunion: The Rise and Fall of a Post-War Dream?

… has been characterized by friction, contradictions, and competing visions of the goals of union. The most recent … Albert Einstein and Winston Churchill. Despite a reasoned intellectual foundation and moderate support, the idea … local policy decisions remained in the hands of national bodies, many of these tensions could be debated in the …
Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells Book cover.

Shakespeare For All Time

Review of Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
… testifies to this fascination. William Shakespeare has become more than a brilliant playwright from … myth without undermining the mythos. This work is the capstone achievement of a long and brilliant career in … is an argument that is likely to hit home with his target audience, many of whom are likely to be commuters themselves. …
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Book Cover.

Hanoi Central

Review of Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012
… Le Duan and Le Duc Tho, the police state they and their comrades built in the North to solidify their power and … divided into four parts, with two chapters per part. Part One, "The Path to Revolutionary War," follows the early … This will also be the starting point for numerous other studies on international diplomacy during the Cold War. Nguyen …
Under Attlee's direction, the Labour Party's position on foreign affairs in the 1930s was somewhat inconsistent. A believer in the "collective security" represented by the League of Nations, Attlee opposed rearmament even as he pushed for firmer measures against Nazi aggression.

A Sheep in Sheep’s Clothing

Review of Clement Attlee: The Man Who Made Modern Britain, by John Bew (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).
… demonstrated, not for the first time, that Attlee’s opponents had greatly underestimated him. Out of the … – the Labour Party emerged from the 1945 election with a commanding majority in the House of Commons – Attlee … Attlee’s success seems to have less to do with his obvious superiority as a leader than with his lack of effective …
Alert soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate, during the Spartacist Uprising

Victorious Weimar: Reframing the German Revolution

Review of November 1918: The German Revolution, by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… While 2018 marked the one-hundredth anniversary of the November Revolution, the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived … political system in which all power was in the hands of soldiers’ and workers’ councils.” Ebert emerged as Chancellor, …
Ration distribution point.

The Other War in Pakistan

… Defeating the Taliban and al-Qaida is only one part of the struggle to build peace in Pakistan. … and preposition food for this emergency, all the while combating the Nazi war machine. None of the allies’ heroics in the Netherlands could have …