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dollar bill with image of capitol building in front of it

Deeper Than the “Deep State”: Follow the Money

… a year into Trump’s second term, his own supporters have become suspicious that even his Justice Department has joined … threat to the government but as the government itself, embodied in administrators, supported by the Democratic Party, … of public service with a democratic ethos.  As Blakely points out, “we need the information generated by social …

Colombia: Al Borde de la Paz con las FARC?

… y supervisado por el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, Ban-Ki Moon, el presidente de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, y el comandante supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de … y el robo. Con el tiempo, las FARC se hizo grandemente dependiente de secuestros como su fuente de ingresos, así como …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United States for the public education system … as the guidelines for over 30 states. 8. Common Core combines two aspects of education reform: “standards” and … 1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum …
A dry ice bomb mid-explosion.

It’s Not How to Make a Bomb That’s the Problem, But Why

… from the Internet. Once again, the Internet has become the target of law makers who seek a simple remedy for … has ever sufficiently demonstrated that the Web is any more dangerous than the library, private circulation of printed … safety and peace. Ann Larabee is a professor of American studies at Michigan State University and a writer for the …
The logo of Solidarność painted on an overturned Soviet era T-55 in Prague in 1990

Poland Takes Charge of Its Own Revolution

Review of Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War, by Gregory F. Domber (The University of North Carolina Press, 2014)
… in the Sejm (Parliament) and the newly-formed Senate to non-Communist candidates. The Polish elections laid the groundwork for other … forge ahead with their efforts to remove their Soviet-led communist parties from power, a process that would be fully …
Cover of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century by William Chester Jordan.

To Serve God and the King?

Review of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century, by William Chester Jordan (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating below the level of the state in medieval Europe. As a consequence they have left historians … and Mathieu de Vendôme (r.1258-1286). William Chester Jordan thus made a wise decision in structuring his narrative …
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… and they will conjure up images of beleaguered Red Army soldiers at Stalingrad , the mechanized carnage of the tank … order and provide readers bite-sized analyses of complex political, social, and military affairs. For … may find the short, somewhat choppy, chapters jarring at points, the episodic nature of Johnson’s account helps to …

We Won’t Shut up and Dribble: A Short History of Black Athletic Protest

… superstar LeBron James tweeted: We're literally hunted EVERYDAY/EVERYTIME we step foot outside the comfort of our homes! Can't even go for a damn jog man! Like … Olympic Team, highlighted by sprinters Ralph Metcalfe and Eddie Tolan and broad jumper Eddie Gordon. Tolan and Metcalfe …
Dynamiters' train in Indianapolis.

Of Bill Gates, Casey Jones, and the Search for Heroes

… train in Vaughan, Miss. A newspaper account the next day declared: "A Heroic Engineer Sticks to his Post at Cost … whole cloth. A hundred years later, letters to the editor commenting on the anti-trust suit against Microsoft suggest … first astronauts. The World War II generation honored the Audie Murphys and George Pattons because of their courage and …

Alawites and the Fate of Syria

… “elected” president of Syria. The unrest resulted from a combination of socio-economic and political problems that … long-cultivated facade as a “reformer.” In the early days of the rebellion, the frequent protest chant, "Syrians … Alawites, furthermore, ignore Islamic sanitary practices, dietary restrictions, and religious rituals. The …
 In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch Book Cover.

In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement

Review of In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
… states witnessed political battles over the teaching of Darwinian evolution in public schools (231). How is it that … for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … while arguing, like Darrow once did, that "multiple viewpoints" should be discussed in the classroom. Lienesch …
Demonstrators protest the judicial proceedings against suspected White Power activists following the Greensboro massacre of 1979.

"Lone Wolves" No More

Review of Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America, by Kathleen Belew (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… in the Baghdad sky Insist there’s a price we must pay A soldier returns from the war in the Gulf A soldier named Tim McVeigh . . . ―Charlie King, The War is Coming Home , 1996 On April 19, 1995, a date fraught with … emboldened White Power activists; two subsequent flashpoints then embittered them. In 1992, militarized federal …

The Real Marriage Revolution

… historically unprecedented in societies accepting and validating same-sex relationships. But the kind of same-sex … in the first five books of the Old Testament.  It was common throughout ancient India, the Middle East, Africa, … and celibate was the best way to serve the Lord. In the medieval European hierarchy of female virtue, the unmarried …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… On March 3, 1913, the day before President-elect Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration, … of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … about women voting. The organizers of the 1913 parade accomplished all this in the face of obstacles that those of …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… Dilma Rousseff and challenger Aécio Neves. The race today is too close to call with opinion polls showing Rousseff … economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … direct involvement in politics ended in 1985. (Right) Soldiers guarding Guanabara Palace in Rio de Janeiro, March 31, …
Harry Beck’s London Underground Railway map, designed in 1931 and released to the public in 1933.

All Aboard!: A Train Ride through the British Twentieth Century in 100 Maps

Review of A History of the Twentieth Century in 100 Maps, by Tim Bryars and Tom Harper (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… Welcome aboard the train, British History ! In preparation for … jerky. From the massacre at Amritser in 1919 to the nine-day massive nation-wide strike (1.5 million workers from all … effective tool to discuss decolonization, but the book disappoints in this aspect. Be that as it may, it remains an …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the … presence left the country’s capital, Kabul, with an abundance of yellow Soviet-made Volga cabs, a spate of new … society.” Kopp saw the Bolshevik Revolution as an event embodied in modernist architecture, but also facilitated and …
A woman on the outskirts of Kyiv carrying a bucket of apricots

Eating at You: Food and Chernobyl

… of Eastern Europe . Walking the streets of Kyiv on a summer day is to navigate the cornucopia flowing from women’s … of independence. And, for many, knowing where your food comes from, intimately, down to the moisture of the soil, … strontium and plutonium—up the food chain and into bodies. From this mass monitoring effort, Soviet doctors …
Cover of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany by Susannah Heschel.

God for Nazis

Review of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany , by Susannah Heschel (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… Heschel's work, the Prophets was written not for a Jewish audience but for people of faith in general. Writing during … Nazi anti Semitism and racial ideology required one to overcome a number of intellectual hurdles. How could one accept … time that Susannah Heschel manages to score any serious points is with her discussion of the post-war period, during …

From Karl Marx to Karl Rove: “Class Warfare” in American Politics

… Class is back. Whatever its other accomplishments, the Occupy Wall Street movement that sprouted … pushed down wages, demanded longer shifts, and allowed more dangerous working conditions. The Industrial Revolution came … all boats. Harry S Truman, who became president when FDR died in office in 1945 and narrowly won a second term in …
Greek amphora, or jug, from c. 540 BCE showing two hoplite phalanxes engaged in combat. Hoplites were the heavy infantry who formed the backbone of most Greek armies in the Classical Age.

A Fragmented History of Ancient Generalship

Review of The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of Warfare, by Joseph Roisman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Joseph Roisman’s  The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of … popular, well-known generals with more obscure ones. Leonidas, the doomed Spartan king who stood at Thermopylae, and … Roisman’s goal is not biography, but to provide case studies that show what Greek generalship was in the Classical …