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Ita Ford and Dorothy Kazel, two of the murdered women of El Salvador

The Murdered Churchwomen in El Salvador

The four murdered churchwomen from left to right: Maura … who believed that anyone who opposed the military regime was a communist, including religious figures. This slogan, … They believed in the words of Archbishop Romero when he said, “Christ invites us not to fear persecution …
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… Russia’s cooperation with the Kurds of Iraq and Syria in the fight against ISIL has … these pleasant tidings with the curious Yazidis, the poet was relieved to find that they were far from being the … melody “at three in the afternoon and worked until two AM.” When it was performed at a dress rehearsal the following …
First Lady Michelle Obama reading a Dr. Seuss book to children at the White House.

Celebrating the “Seussentennial”

… Yet another generation of moviegoers and read-to children have been … of new fans and their parents know that Theodor S. Geisel was born one hundred years ago this month. Who? While most … through his pursuit of industrial wealth. Similarly, when we’re “off to great places . . . off and away . . .” …
Cartoon by Ali Delim in honor of 20th anniversary of Said Mekbel’s killing. The cartoon reads: “Said Mekbel in Heaven for journalists. Here it is not the quills that are missing.” (Cartoon used with permission)

1/30/2015: The Dangers of Being a Humorist: Charlie Hebdo Is Not Alone

The juxtaposition of laughter and tragedy in the Charlie … have missed, however, is that the January 7 th attack was by no means the first time that extremists have murdered … and murdered in September 1995, while Dorbane died when a bomb that militants had placed near the offices of …
Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, October 1941

Pearl Harbor

… December 7th marks the anniversary of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Few … and the United States came to the Pacific in late 1941 was of little surprise to any knowledgeable government or … attack, gloomily evaluated Japanese chances for success when he declared to the Japanese prime minister, “In the
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… Saber-rattling between the current U.S. administration and the North Korean regime … various reports but no permanent organization, and there was little urgency to do much more. Then in August 1949, the … “shell” such as a wooden desk, wall, or in a ditch when they saw the flash of an atomic bomb. It was the bomb …
Female governors left to right, Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Kay Orr, and Gretchen Whitmer.

A Century of Elected Woman Governors in the United States, 1924-2024

… On November 4, 1924, voters elected the first woman governor in the United States. While two … Primary election earlier that year, which at the time was but a technicality (Texas was largely a one-party … governors were reelected at the end of their first terms. When Ross reran for office in 1926, she was no longer …
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining … historical characters from folklore. One of the most famous was Evangeline, or The Belle of Acadia, and was based on … cement the relationship between New York and the theater, when his administration founded a public school to train …
Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon walking on White House grounds.

Don’t Believe “Peace Is at Hand”

… is at hand." Americans longed to hear this 35 years ago, when National Security Adviser Henry A. Kissinger announced … long to hear it again about Iraq. If we do hear it before the next election, we shouldn't believe it. "Peace is at hand." Kissinger, we now know, realized Vietnam was not getting peace, but merely "a decent interval" — a …
Portrait of President James K. Polk from 1846.

The Lessons of Mr. Polk’s War

… launches a war on specious pretexts. American forces occupy the enemy capital but cannot impose a political settlement … Despite its victorious conclusion, the Mexican War was a fiasco that helped set the stage for the Civil War. It started as a "war of choice," when Polk ignored evidence that American forces had crossed …
Hand-coloured woodcut of a Methodist camp meeting in Eastham, Massachusetts, c. 1850.

Promise Keepers Stake Male Claim to Moral and Political Power

… A group of intense Christian believers gathers, heads bent in earnest prayer. At their head is a man … convert the sinner. 1997? No — nor is this on the Mall in Washington D.C., nor are we watching a Promise Keepers … chronological cycles. It often becomes especially strong when shifts in the economy or in a society’s reigning values …
Syria

Syrian Crisis & American Government

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
US History since 1877
American Government
War & Peace
… Within this lesson plan students work with the current Syrian Civil War crisis and look at the intricacies of the roles of government in foreign … historians who are familiar with the people and culture when making foreign policy decisions. Files for download: …
This stamp features the first stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Concord Hymn."

The “Shot Heard Round the World”: April 19, 1775 and the American Revolutionary War

… April 19, 2015 marks 240 years since the bloodshed that ignited the American Revolutionary War … become the enduring description of the Revolutionary War when he called it “the shot heard round the world” in his … and Concord had tremendous propaganda potential provided it was positioned properly. If Massachusetts men were seen as …
The signing of the Magna Carta at Runnymede, as represented in a nineteenth-century engraving

The Magna Carta and Its Legacy

… in a thirteenth-century portrait. This year marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, the medieval … rights and constitutional principles. By June 1215, England was in civil war as disaffected barons took up arms against … him and his barons, who thought he was abusing royal power. When the rebel barons seized London, King John was forced to …
Cover of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century by William Chester Jordan.

To Serve God and the King?

Review of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century, by William Chester Jordan (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… Great abbeys such as Westminster and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating below the level … with their monarchs; as it is today, Westminster was then the coronation hall of English kings, while …
An influenza hospital at Camp Funston

The 1918 Flu Pandemic

… November 1918 was the deadliest month of the greatest pandemic in recorded … flu vaccine . Burying victims of the Spanish Flu in Canada. When the first cases of the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic … The 1918 Flu Pandemic … The 1918 Flu Pandemic …
President George W. Bush and his wife Laura listening to a Missouri elementary student read aloud to them.

Can Bush Avoid the Curse of Re-election?

… declared that he’d “earned capital, political capital” in the election and that he intended to spend it during his … with an administration’s use of executive power. But when a president wins re-election, his opponents have an … second term of Richard M. Nixon. No other presidency was less popular with the liberal press, which relished the
The 114 infantry in Paris, July 14, 1927, Leon Gimpel

November 11, 1918: The End of World War I?

On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, the Armistice went into effect, silencing the guns of the Western Front and ending the First World War. Or so the story goes.
When did the First World War end? November 11, 1918? June 28, 1919? Or was it later? Written by Julie M. Powell. Narration by Dr. … On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, the Armistice went … November 11, 1918: The End of World War I? …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

When the Roman Catholic Patriarch of the Holy Land Michel Sabbah celebrates mass in the Church of … a Sunni Muslim, in the Nativity Church on Christmas Eve was cause for hope among moderates of many faiths. Since …
Monti's parents receive his Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama during a ceremony in the White House, September 17, 2009.

Leave the Medal of Honor Alone!

… On Sept. 17, 2009, President Obama will present the Medal of Honor to the parents of Army Staff Sgt. Jared C. Monti for “conspicuous gallantry.” Monti, 30, was serving with the 10th Mountain Division when he was killed in a battle at Gowardesh, Afghanistan. …
Wartime poster. Canada. The Bureau of Public Information was created in September 1939 to disseminate information about Canada’s war policies.

Can the New Administration Keep Canada as an Ally in Afghanistan?

… As Barack Obama looks abroad for allies in the war in Afghanistan, he should move fast to put Canada at … Canadians have a history of reacting unpredictably when placed under pressure by great-power allies, and their … new nor particularly provocative. Indeed, his message was hardly different from the recent comments of Defense …
Cover of A Strange Stirring The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s by Stephanie Coontz.

A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s

Review of A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s, by Stephanie Coontz (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
When Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique was released in 1963, it split the … that the isolation they felt taking care of home and family was not unique. This realization alone had a profound impact … Review of A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the
Atomic bomb damage on Hiroshima gas building.

Time to Confront the Ethics of Hiroshima

… Some Americans recall the event with shame and express their fervent hope that … of Japan. More challenging to consider is whether it was an unjustifiable act in a fully justified war. August 6 … or "revisionists." These epithets merely delay the day when Americans will consider the import of having used …