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… With the horrific assault of Sept. 11, “terrorism” has become the … from the French Revolution’s “Reign of Terror” (1793-94), when Robespierre’s Jacobins executed, often for flimsy … — called terrorism by some — to win attention. But it was Algeria’s Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN), seeking …

… When we reflect on the history of government response to natural disasters such … volcanic eruptions, and now Covid-19, we discover that the expectation that central governments should play a role … in recovering from such disasters can be traced back to the actions of three Roman emperors of the 1st century: …

… At the very moment when the British people are struggling to … King invaded northern England in September 1066, but was defeated and ultimately killed by Harold in the Battle … depicting Norman cavalry attacking Anglo-Saxon soldiers. Was William’s claim to the English throne legitimate? In the …

… Not since James Garfield resided in the White House in 1881 has a President failed to exercise his veto power. Since Garfield’s residency was shortened to mere months by an assassin’s bullet, we have to go back to 1825, when John Quincy Adams served out his full term without …

… BETHLEHEM, West Bank — When the Roman Catholic Patriarch of the Holy Land, Fouad Tual, … and the West. The fullest expression of this cooperation was Abbas’s meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin …

… Senator Obama, I surely wish Harold Washington were alive to give you wise counsel, now that your candidacy for the Democratic Party’s nomination is official. Washington’s … sense. The first is the importance of getting out the vote. When Washington was asked to run for mayor he challenged …

… Within this lesson plan students work with the current Syrian Civil War crisis and look at the intricacies of the roles of government in foreign … historians who are familiar with the people and culture when making foreign policy decisions. Files for download: …

… Slobodan Milosevic is one of the demon princes of the modern American imagination. Like … rationally. They rarely want to provoke the United States. When they do it is incidental to their main purpose. What … best known exponent of this kind of egomaniacal monarchy was Louis XIV of France. For five decades in the late 17th …

… The United States has sent special forces, along with … situation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when Afghanistan met with success and the United States met … isolate Afghanistan and cut off its supplies. Afghanistan was not isolated in its earlier wars. Nor could the United …

… Here we go again.  Florida is at the center of yet another presidential electoral … issues, the attention of the nation turned south. The story was much the same in 1876, when Florida was one of three states submitting conflicting …

… Great abbeys such as Westminster and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating below the level … with their monarchs; as it is today, Westminster was then the coronation hall of English kings, while …

… When the Electoral College picks a president who lost the popular … doubt on the legitimacy of the winner and the way that he was chosen. The last time the Electoral College's action … main economic change of their time. In the late 1800s, it was the shift in power from small entrepreneurs to large …

… years ago, in wartime Petrograd, Russian radicals known as the Bolsheviks carried out “the Great October Socialist Revolution.”  Written by David L. Hoffmann. …

… Despite what media coverage is leading the American public to believe, returning control of civil … if we fail to do it now, we’ll pay far more in the future. When the United States occupied Iraq last year, it disbanded … the Iraqi army. But U.S. officials soon recognized this was a mistake and now believe that some sort of Iraqi …

… When Republicans met at a governors’ conference recently to consider their party’s future, many of them complained that … disaster are claiming that the Republicans’ mistake was not to remain conservative enough in recent years. They …

… tradition. It calls us back to those legendary days of the Old West, when cowboys defended their honor and their horses by way of … were fed up with gun violence. Gun control, they contended, was absolutely essential, and the remedy advocated usually …

… When did the First World War end? November 11, 1918? June 28, 1919? Or was it later? Written by Julie M. Powell. Narration by Dr. … Patton, Laura Seeger, and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle.  … On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, …

… is at hand." Americans longed to hear this 35 years ago, when National Security Adviser Henry A. Kissinger announced … long to hear it again about Iraq. If we do hear it before the next election, we shouldn't believe it. "Peace is at hand." Kissinger, we now know, realized Vietnam was not getting peace, but merely "a decent interval" — a …

… When Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique was released in 1963, it split the … that the isolation they felt taking care of home and family was not unique. This realization alone had a profound impact …

… launches a war on specious pretexts. American forces occupy the enemy capital but cannot impose a political settlement … Despite its victorious conclusion, the Mexican War was a fiasco that helped set the stage for the Civil War. It started as a "war of choice," when Polk ignored evidence that American forces had crossed …

… A group of intense Christian believers gathers, heads bent in earnest prayer. At their head is a man … convert the sinner. 1997? No — nor is this on the Mall in Washington D.C., nor are we watching a Promise Keepers … chronological cycles. It often becomes especially strong when shifts in the economy or in a society’s reigning values …

… April 19, 2015 marks 240 years since the bloodshed that ignited the American Revolutionary War … become the enduring description of the Revolutionary War when he called it “the shot heard round the world” in his … and Concord had tremendous propaganda potential provided it was positioned properly. If Massachusetts men were seen as …

… March 2024 marks the 20th anniversary of the impeachment of former President … ROK), a historic first for the republic.  The core issue was whether Roh violated the principle of “political neutrality” when he encouraged his supporters in the National Assembly …

… We all benefit from the ability of a political minority to stifle the will of … appealing for judicial intervention at the state level when Republicans use their majority in state legislatures to … From the beginning of our nation’s history, this principle was fundamental. In “The Federalist Papers,” James Madison, …