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John Trumbull's portrait of Alexander Hamilton.

This Won’t Be the Last Political Sex Scandal

… be eclipsed by the next scandal before too long. If we’re becoming a more liberal society, shouldn’t there be fewer and … All of these scandals broke in the news media of the day. One commonality among political sex scandals today is that … only a minority of the nation can claim to truly act upon. One thing is certain: with the debate far from over this …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … by ocean-going outsiders, such as Koreans, Malays, and Indonesians, who he considers the “real pioneers in crossing the open sea." In fact, the “middlemen” …
Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… likely have to endure the result regardless of how much we come to regret it. The nation’s constitutional history is … unintended consequences. Though outvoted by temperance proponents, a significant minority of Americans saw nothing … of the country’s second most powerful political party to one occupied by a secondary figure in the most powerful …

Hong Kong in Protest

… Poon Hui-wing, while the two Hong Kong residents vacationed in Taiwan . Chan eventually returned home but evaded murder charges because he committed the crime outside of Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. He … Political leaders in China have long used the phrase “one country, two systems” to describe Hong Kong’s …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from … that its uranium-enrichment efforts have passed a new milestone are more show than substance and do not significantly … China’s nuclear facilities and each would drop a bomb. Only one of the bombs would detonate, making it impossible to …
Malawi

A Postcard from Livingstonia, Malawi

… inspired by the speeches and writings of Dr. David Livingstone, the most famous missionary to have traveled across the … Livingstonia center and the lakeshore, the road has twenty-one bends and takes almost two hours to drive. During the rainy season, the road's stones become very slippery, making transportation difficult. The …
A makeshift influenza hospital at Camp Funston, 1918.

Top Ten Origins: Flu

… first used the term in English, but “influenza” was not a commonly used term in England until the 1782 pandemic. 2. … the time. Scholars estimate 9,000 deaths occurred in Rome alone. Other reports indicate the near eradication of the … 30-60% of the entire population of Europe. In Britain alone, more than 225,000 people lost their lives to influenza …
A group of Kyiv civilians gather in a basement downtown to make Molotov Cocktails to be used against Russian troops in Kyiv, Ukraine, 2022.

Ukraine in War and Revolution

… state was “entirely created” by the Bolsheviks after the communist seizure of power in 1917 as part of Lenin’s … a multiethnic federation or as an independent state, no one really knew. Ukrainian politicians at first acted … wars in Ukraine had global dimensions. So too does the one in 2022. Learn More: Paul Browder and Alexander F. …
The view of Dresden and the Elbe River from the very top of the Frauenkirche.

A Postcard from Dresden, Germany: Living in the Shadow of World War II

… or “Old Town,” is relatively new. This area had to be completely rebuilt after its destruction during  World War … mural that shows the rulers of Saxony. Little damage was done to it during the 1945 bombing of Dresden; The … Town,” the Lutheran church of our Lady, Frauenkirche, was one of the many historic landmarks destroyed during the …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… balanced budget amendment been before Congress for sixty-one years without gaining approval?  Never in all that time … to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … Looking back, however, while nearly every American questioned one expenditure or another, few argued against giving …
Gunpowder Plot conspirators in front of a bonfire celebrating Guy Fawkes Night.

Powder Treason, Bonfire Night, and the English Art of Reinventing the Past

… fireworks light the sky and effigies burn. The celebration commemorates an event from 1605, when authorities discovered … hold government positions. When James I ascended to the throne, hope spread among Catholics for religious toleration, … John “Jack” Wright (1568-1605), and Guy Fawkes—a seasoned soldier who had fought for Catholic Spain and possessed …
Lyndon Johnson greets American troops in Vietnam 1966.

A Curtain Call for the Domino Theory?

… Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. If Vietnam fell to the Communists, they argued, so too would the rest of Asia. … the war.   It is not surprising therefore that hardly anyone pressing for a military escalation in Afghanistan has … politically and economically with the territories of every one of its neighbors, none of which is inherently stable.   …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, became one of the most divisive wars in the history of … and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … A new military government was led by Lieutenant Colonel (later General) Yakubu Gowon. A Christian from the …
Pullman Strike illustration

Top Ten Origins: American Workers and Strikes

… Socialist Congress meeting in Paris in July 1899. The comrades set the date in solidarity with organized workers … collapse of ’93, agricultural overproduction in an era of monetary inflexibility put constant downward pressure on … additional strain on labor markets. On July 16, 1877, a lone firefighter on Engine 32 of the Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) …
Thy Neighbor: A History of Usury and Debt, by Charles R. Geisst Philadelphia By Spencer Tyce Book Cover.

Natural Laws and Predatory Lending for 3000 Years

Review of Beggar Thy Neighbor: A History of Usury and Debt, by Charles R. Geisst Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
… and Marcus Brutus concerning the would-be-assassin’s money lending practices, professor Geisst traces the … law, for instance, usury is now accepted as a standard accompaniment to the modern market economy. Indeed, one of Geisst’s most damning arguments concerning the …
Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Supreme Court justice.

Attacks on Sotomayor Ignore Court’s History and Makeup

… process. What’s unusual is that conservatives are complaining about the Court at the same time they’re … to serve long after the presidents who appointed them are gone, the Court’s composition frequently lags behind the … has made his decision,” an exasperated Jackson remarked at one point; “now let him enforce it.”   The Court’s …
Thomas Jefferson

The Road to a New American Aristocracy

… and prevent the rise of a small set of families whose money and political power separate them permanently from the … an age of democracy? Aristocracy conjures up visions of bygone ages when noblemen believed that the blood in their veins distinguished them from the common herd. Despite the rhetoric about property rights that …
The military cemetery for U.S. personnel killed during World War II in Nettuno, Italy.

A Day for Remembering — and Accepting Responsibility

… to those soldiers can’t undo the damage that’s been done. Saying “I’m sorry” is a small price to pay for so many … ago, on May 30, 1945, by Lt. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., commander of the Allied Fifth Army in Italy. Truscott was … whom were members of the Senate Armed Services Committee. One of the back benchers was a 23-year-old infantry …
Pledging his support, President George W. Bush talks via telephone to New York Governor George Pataki and New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Wilson and Bush: Unready Internationalists

… President Bush is presiding over what is fast becoming a foreign policy disaster. The war in Iraq is a … far more with divisive culture wars than with waging real ones. Both men reflected the era in which they took the helm … best aspects of two American traits sometimes at odds with one another: both hard-edged realism and noble idealism. It …
New York City in 1932.

Black Tuesday II

… often  since the attack on the World Trade Center, but a comparison of the Black Tuesdays of 1929 and 2001 is equally … Galbraith has said of the Great Crash of 1929, “but money.” Many Americans emerging that year from the decade in … in recent decades, it is difficult to imagine anyone asking such a question in the wake of the new Black …

Viewpoint Iran: The Past and Present of the U.S.-Iran Standoff

… partnership.” Those conciliatory words, however, were accompanied on both sides with qualifications, skepticism, and … nuclear ambitions, and the Obama administration conditioned any partnership on Iran taking steps to meet its … but became a battlefield for the European belligerents nonetheless. Following the ceasefire, Great Britain took …
Chris Anderson asks: "Will you run again?" Gore replies, "Ohh, you aren't going to get me on this one!"

But Gore Did Help Invent the Internet

… When Al Gore allegedly claimed he invented the Internet, comedians, political  pundits and Republicans had a field … network, along with the servers, software and other components of what became the Internet, didn't differ from the … They demanded decades of work by skilled people, lots of money, and other supporting technologies.  Like jet aircraft …
An MP looking north from South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone, 2008.

The War That Never Ended: The Legacy of the Korean War

… forces, however, the South Korean military repelled the Communist attack and eventually pushed them north of the … a siege mentality on both sides of  the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) , and this division of the two Koreas remains a  … forces singlehandedly carried out this atrocity.   Nonetheless, the North Koreans built a museum in 1960 that is …