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US citizens in unemployment line

America and Unemployment

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
US History since 1877
… This lesson plan looks at the United States today and the current issue of unemployment. Our lesson plan follows … board.  This answer will be the standpoint that they take when writing a letter in the following class period(s) to …
The Temple of Kukulkan at Chichén Itzá.

A Postcard From Chichén Itzá

… Empires have been built on the control of spirituality, of scientific knowledge, and of … modern Southeast Mexico, the connection between the three was woven into nearly every aspect of society and allowed … and a sophisticated example of acoustical engineering. When the ground surrounding the temple was full of people …
Vaccination team member giving a cholera vaccine in Cerca Carvajal, 2013.

Cholera and the Roots of Public Health

The onset of COVID-19 has been shocking—in terms of global … first pandemic to have such a sudden and alarming onset. When cholera first arrived in Europe in 1829, the horrific … it caused were so alarming and overwhelming that it was described as the “nineteenth century plague .” Like …
Storming the Bastille

Storming the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

… More than any other event of the eighteenth century, the French Revolution, … it became a model of revolutionary political change that was followed throughout the world from Europe, to Haiti , … , Russia , and East Asia . And it all began one July day when the people of Paris captured a fourteenth-century …
The South Carolina State Capitol.

Trent Lott Should Be History

… While President Bush is reorganizing the leadership of his economic team, Senate Republicans … pushed, aside.   The straw that broke this elephant's back was his imprudent tribute on Dec. 5 at the 100th birthday … of South Carolina: "I want to say this about my state: When Strom Thurmond ran for president, we voted for him. …
Soviet Union soldier holding a Soviet flag in the air

Stalingrad: The Turning Point of WWII in Europe

In August 1942, the most famous battle of the Second World War began.
… More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad between the Nazi and … than Americans in the entire war. But by February 2, 1943, when the Germans trapped in the city surrendered, it was clear that the momentum on the Eastern Front had …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… Quentin Morton’s Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East , serves as a concise, easy-to-read … beginning with European exploration up to 1971, when all Middle Eastern states had obtained independence. … a more disparaging social structure. The oil industry was one in which jobs were given primarily to Europeans and …
U.S. General James Van Fleet and Greek War Minister Kanellopoulos walking between lines of soldiers on the island of Makronissos during the Greek Civil War

The Greek Civil War, 1946–1949

The years 1940–1949 were ones of continuous horror for the Greek people.
When the Second World War (WWII) ended in 1945 and the rest of Europe was beginning to rebuild itself, Greece entered into a …
A photo of the Great Synagogue of Rome.

The Catholic Church and the Holocaust

… today is a deceptively peaceful place. Walking down the tree-lined streets between the red brick dormitories, … 1.5 million people were slaughtered here. One of them was a Roman Catholic nun, Sister Teresia Benedicta of the … in Nazi atrocities. This controversy comes at a time when relations between Jews and Roman Catholics are actually …
U.S. Marines holding Sandino's Flag - Nicaragua 1932.

The Costs of Intervention

… have few good options. A rapid military withdrawal from either country is likely to result in civil violence. Yet … This dilemma has a historical parallel in the 1920s, when U.S. Marines were sent to Nicaragua under the banner of … By the time the Marines left the country in 1933, Sandino was still at large, but the national guard had come under …
JFK and Jackie Kennedy on a sailboat

Watching JFK Live and Die Years Later

… Decades after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, our … more history than memory, and yet he takes up the mission when his friend Al, a child of the Baby Boom, is crippled by … myth. Our obsession with Kennedy persists because it was the first national tragedy truly mediated through …
Aerial view of Hiroshima before the bombing

Bombing Hiroshima

The atomic age began between heartbeats at 8:15 am on August 6, 1945 when the Japanese city of Hiroshima was leveled by an atomic bomb. Three days later, the United …
Cover of Pay for Play A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform by Ronald A. Smith.

Wagging the Dog

Review of Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform, by Ronald A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011. xii + 344 pp.)
… In 1903, Harvard University accepted a gift of $100,000 from the Class of 1879 toward construction of a permanent facility in which to play football.  When completed, Harvard Stadium cost over $300,000, held 40,000 people, and was, for a while, the largest steel-reinforced concrete …
Engraving of Robespierre.

The New Species of Terrorism

… With the horrific assault of Sept. 11, “terrorism” has become the … from the French Revolution’s “Reign of Terror” (1793-94), when Robespierre’s Jacobins executed, often for flimsy … — called terrorism by some — to win attention. But it was Algeria’s Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN), seeking …
Emperor Nero

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

After a devasting fire in Rome in 64 CE, Emperor Nero successfully rebuilt the city.
When we reflect on the history of government response to natural disasters such … volcanic eruptions, and now Covid-19, we discover that the expectation that central governments should play a role … in recovering from such disasters can be traced back to the actions of three Roman emperors of the 1st century: …
Scene from the 11th century Bayeaux Tapestry depicting Norman cavalry attacking Anglo-Saxon soldiers.

The Norman Conquest of England, 1066

… At the very moment when the British people are struggling to … King invaded northern England in September 1066, but was defeated and ultimately killed by Harold in the Battle … depicting Norman cavalry attacking Anglo-Saxon soldiers. Was William’s claim to the English throne legitimate? In the
President George W. Bush sitting at his desk across from his dogs in 2005.

He’s Just a Prez Who Can’t Say No

… Not since James Garfield resided in the White House in 1881 has a President failed to exercise his veto power. Since Garfield’s residency was shortened to mere months by an assassin’s bullet, we have to go back to 1825, when John Quincy Adams served out his full term without …
Map of the Gaza Strip in May 2005, a few months prior to the Israeli withdrawal. The major settlement blocs were the blue-shaded regions of this map.

Threads of Hope Glimmer in the Middle East

… BETHLEHEM, West Bank — When the Roman Catholic Patriarch of the Holy Land, Fouad Tual, … and the West. The fullest expression of this cooperation was Abbas’s meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin …
Senator Barack Obama

Memorandum to Sen. Obama: How to Run

… Senator Obama, I surely wish Harold Washington were alive to give you wise counsel, now that your candidacy for the Democratic Party’s nomination is official. Washington’s … sense. The first is the importance of getting out the vote. When Washington was asked to run for mayor he challenged …
 A depiction of the burning of Louisa Mabree, a French midwife and convicted witch, in a cage filled with black cats

The Rise of Freethinkers

Review of The Decline of Magic: Britain in the Enlightenment , by Michael Hunter (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020)
A portrait of Slobodan Milosevic

Glory and the New World Order

… Slobodan Milosevic is one of the demon princes of the modern American imagination. Like … rationally. They rarely want to provoke the United States. When they do it is incidental to their main purpose. What … best known exponent of this kind of egomaniacal monarchy was Louis XIV of France. For five decades in the late 17th …