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John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams: An Example for Our Times

… that history is now more viewed than read. The film’s audiences, however, should also remember that Adams’s defense of the Amistad slaves was but one moment in a larger and even more instructive story of … all, to effect mental, moral, and national improvement. Commitment to improvement of self and nation motivated …

A Century of U.S. Relations with Iraq

… morning darkness on December 18, 2011, some 500 U.S. soldiers at Camp Adder in southern Iraq boarded 110 military … some five hours later. This departure of the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Cavalry Division of the U.S. … in early Iraq was limited. President Woodrow Wilson envisioned a liberal post-World War I political system that would …
Cover of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century by William Chester Jordan.

To Serve God and the King?

Review of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century, by William Chester Jordan (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating below the level of the state in medieval Europe. As a consequence they have left historians … which meant that they owed allegiance to Rome alone. Yet they also stood in close physical proximity to the …
Cover of Space Travel, November 1958

Gingrich and Romney: Right and Wrong on Space Travel

… is why fewer than 600 people — the number of passengers on one Airbus 380 — have orbited the earth since 1961. Space travel cannot become cheap until the age of rocketry is replaced by an age … an insurance premium of 10 percent or more for a single one-way trip! Contrast that to the premium for your car …
General George Washington Resigning his Commission.

Diplomatic Advisers: Washington, Kennan, FDR

… policy advice? After all, the bewigged fellow on the one-dollar bill lived a long time ago. His last communication – the "Farewell Address" of 1796 – was really … do with outward histrionics: with threats or blustering or superfluous gestures of outward 'toughness.'"   The United …
Voting booth exhibit at the George W. Bush Presidential Library.

God in the Voting Booth: How Religion Shapes the Politics of Both Republicans and Democrats

… Office in February 2025 to “assist faith-based entities, community organizations, and houses of worship in their … invoked religion to argue that their party was better positioned than the other to protect the nation’s morality. In the … inaugural address four years later. After reminding his audience that new scientific developments had given people the …
President Richard Nixon

Republican Character

Review of Republican Character: From Nixon to Reagan, by Donald T. Critchlow (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018)
… on "virtue" instead of policy. Written with a broad audience in mind, Critchlow utilizes biographies and … to argue that "principled pragmatism, the ability to compromise while maintaining core principles, is essential … men and the character traits that defined them. Chapter One examines Richard Nixon and the complex story of a man …

Good Guys and Bad Guys with Guns: Gun Control in Canada and the U.S.

… Vickers, the man responsible for security at the House of Commons, with taking down the gunman. Commentators not … only intended to prevent the government from disarming soldiers. Yet the body was unable to pass any new laws to … in defense of themselves and the State shall not be questioned; but the General Assembly may pass laws to prevent …

Ideology or Ethnicity? The Israeli Political Crisis

… the Supreme Court and amidst growing public criticism. To compound the confusion, Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu, sitting … upon the declaration of independence, absorbed almost one million new Jewish immigrants during its first decade of … concepts such as nationalism and socialism, championed by the European-born leaders of the dominant Labor …
A Hawaiian man employing the spearfishing techniques described by Fagan, circa 1890.

Built Upon Bounty

Review of Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization, by Brian Fagan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… River, for instance, contained tools covered in scales and bone fragments, shedding light on Paleolithic fish … Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … enabled extensive chemical analyses of fish bones. These studies reveal not only what fish species people were …
World War II poster of American, British, Chinese, and Russian soldiers shaking hands.

Patrick Buchanan’s Forebears

… he could have destroyed the Soviet Union. For Buchanan, Communism, with its rejection of free enterprise and foreign … United States should ignore European conflicts altogether. One of these influential isolationists was Martin Dies, the Texas congressman who chaired the House Unamerican …
Cover of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals by David SchefferDavid S

Bringing Evil to Justice

Review of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals, by David Scheffer (NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… a test of how well the United States, and the international community could create institutions of governance after the … crimes tribunals were created: for Rwanda (1994), Sierra Leone (2002), and Cambodia (2003). While the specific … provided with a vigorous defense. Slobodan Milosevic died in a jail cell in The Hague. Meanwhile the Bush …
Escobar: Paradise Lost, directed by Andrea Di Stefano

2/6/2015: At the Movies: Escobar

… Nick and Maria decided they must flee from Escobar’s soldiers. Entrance to Hacienda Napoles, the main Escobar compound, with a gate adorned with Escobar's first smuggling … supplier of cocaine to the United States . Through his money and influence, Escobar gained power as an elected …
tanks and soldier fighting in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The World’s Longest War

… that the Arab-Israeli conflict is a singularly intractable one. The current struggle between Israel and Hezbollah is … 58-year-long war between Israel and its Arab neighbors that commenced in 1948 when the state of Israel was proclaimed. … lines earthquakes are likely to occur, and nothing can be done to prevent them. For 2,500 years the world’s greatest …
 How to Create the Perfect Wife: Britain’s Most Ineligible Bachelor and His Enlightened Quest to Train the Ideal Mate, by Wendy Moore Book Cover.

The Idiot’s Guide to Enlightened Matrimony

Review of How to Create the Perfect Wife: Britain’s Most Ineligible Bachelor and His Enlightened Quest to Train the Ideal Mate, by Wendy Moore (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… We all know someone like the strangely sympathetic protagonist of Wendy … His friends admired him for his intelligence, honesty, and commitment to virtue, but thought that maybe a little … loved to hold forth on the frivolity and stupidity of the ladies of high society, something not calculated to win female …
President Barack Obama (painting) by Kehinde Wiley.

Who Can Write Obama’s History?

… iconographer, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., that he hopes someone is busy getting it all down. The hint was vintage … to employ Schlesinger, the historian who had already done wonders for Jackson and FDR.   Of all the recent … himself. Which won’t be so bad. Obama’s already an accomplished memoirist. He evidently prefers to be his own …
Carrie (left) with her mother, Emma Buck, at the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, 1924.

The Sterilization of Carrie Buck

… the idea of white purity by defining blacks as having one-sixteenth or more ‘negro blood’ and indigenous peoples … of rape. For Buck’s foster family and the doctors who recommended sterilization, a pregnancy out of wedlock was one … to disabled people’s right to make decisions about their bodies. It also contains the haunting revelation that Black …
Dick Cheney in 2003.

The Vice President: Heir Apparent in American Politics

… thus passed into the language to refer to someone with no competence or apparent purpose. It turns out, however, that … qualified to direct foreign policy if the president dies and to continue the basic policies in the next election …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players in national politics. The fallout … be raised from the dead by invoking the memory of fallen soldiers. But the civil-rights movement of the mid-20th century … romantic Lost Cause tragically doomed by their adversaries’ superior forces; they found themselves championing the …
European Union flag fluttering in the wind.

Europe Already Has a Working Constitution

… constitution started with broader ambitions. Its early proponents called their talks a constitutional convention rather … a dramatic reconciliation in the European Coal and Steel Community.Ê Founded with four other countries in 1951, it … problems – especially expensive agricultural subsidies and institutional inefficiencies and cronyism. Though …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… for as many as 300 million deaths in the 20th century alone. On May 8, 1980, smallpox played another momentous role … was the result of a decades-long global program involving complex geopolitical cooperation, human ingenuity, and … she was diagnosed with  variola major on August 20; she died on September 11 and became smallpox’s final victim.  In …
The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Genocide and Justice in Rwanda

… an international tribunal. The date is an essential milestone in the development of criminal responsibility imposed by the international community for the commission of mass atrocities. Yet, genocide became an international crime much earlier. One of the United Nations’ first acts after it was formed in …
Mary Mallon and other women sitting outside in chairs at a hospital. The women have blankets wrapped around them.

Who was Typhoid Mary?

In the early 1900s, Mary Mallon, a domestic cook, was unknowingly a healthy carrier of Typhoid fever.
… Written by Claudia Jansen, Morgan Metz, and Marian Moser Jones. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Video … V., Justina Truong, and Blair Woodbury. “Typhoid Fever (Salmonella Typhi),” StatPearls [online book] Treasure Island … Teicher A. Typhoid Mary Was Not a Super-Spreader (and Super-Spreaders Are Not "Typhoid …
Bust of Harlan Fiske Stone, the 12th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Following Bad Precedents for Deciding Military Justice

… expanded legal jurisdiction of the United Nations. “Enemy combatants” captured in the “war on terrorism” are to be … the Quirin (1942) and Yamashita (1946) cases. There is only one problem: these precedents are not worth following. The … behind the conviction. Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone wrote that the military tribunals were “not courts whose …