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A 1960s photo of a hallway inside the Philadelphia County Prison.

Have We Learned Nothing About Prisons?

… the world, trailing only Russia. The prison industry has become big business: billions of dollars are being spent on … prison administrations across the country took steps to ensure that there would be no more Atticas. They did not try … but the way we’re handling our prison populations, the future surely holds more Atticas. Keith Edgerton is an …
The image of a Thunderbird on top of a totem pole

“Allese Rondade”, that is to say, ‘Shoot!’”

Review of Thundersticks: Firearms and the Violent Transformation of Native America, by David J. Silverman (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2016)
… them and Euro-Americans saying “Indian polities used commercial and military leverage to shape these … cede land, they did use gift diplomacy to sway Native peoples towards or against one side during periods of conflict. … overpowered by their rivals or by Euro-American forces. The surrender of Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull represents the …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This growing pressure creates a dilemma for President Clinton because Tibet … policy even if it makes China-bashers feel good.  Nevertheless, to preempt criticism from them, President Clinton …
IRA gunmen in Northern Ireland

From the Cold War to the War on Terror

… dates back well into the Cold War. How did terrorism become a focal point of U.S. foreign policy? How did earlier … deeper history tell us about what terrorism is, how our common assumptions about it might be wrong, and how we … home, of white supremacist ideologies. He had his own website, The Last Rhodesian, and he was part of a Southern …
 In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch Book Cover.

In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement

Review of In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
… for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … argues in Chapter 8 that the anti-evolution movement survived over time by adapting its strategies and techniques … "Multiple viewpoints," however, is exactly the opposite of what early anti-evolutionists, who Lienesch argues …
Photo of A. Mitchell Palmer, a congressman from Pennsylvania who later became the U.S. Attorney General under President Woodrow Wilson.

Cracking Down on Dissent

… the war against terror. Coupled with the restrictive measures in the Patriot Act passed in 2001, this is a perilous … to keep close tabs on them. Spying on dissidents has become official policy since police departments were advised … attorney general, A. Mitchell Palmer, conducted warrantless raids and deported “Red” aliens after World War I. …
President Lyndon B. Johnson giving a speech about the Voting Rights Act with a statute of President Abraham Lincoln in the background.

The Republican Party and African-Americans: The Real History

… to give black men full citizenship. For that much, Bush and company can claim a worthy lineage. But as early as 1876 — … marshaled his wavering party-mates to force a vote, assuring the bill's passage. Senator Richard Russell of … Arizona Sen. Barry Goldwater and Texas Senate aspirant and future President George H.W. Bush. Goldwater and Bush …
Women of the Association of Families of the Detained-Disappeared demonstrate in front of La Moneda Palace during the Pinochet military regime.

In Historical Truths, the Road to an Open Society

… were right-wing ideologues who cynically utilized fears of communism to crush opposition to their tyrannical regimes. … Botha’s predecessors) had devoted considerable energy to assure that the abductions, torture and murders that once … they called for truth. Freedom is not just about the future. It is also about recovering the past. Governments …

An Enemy Until You Need A Friend: The Role of "Big Government" in American History

… some of those angry Americans, the federal government has usurped the role of state and local governments ever since … merely create a postal system, the most important means of communication at the turn of the 19 th century. It … Americans misunderstand the way the New Deal helped create future economic growth and stability, if they fail to …
Depiction of General Scott capturing Mexico City during the Mexican-American War.

Getting Away from the “Quagmire” Cliché

… analogies about Iraq. They had better search further. While comparisons of Iraq with Vietnam may stir Howard Dean’s … ability to attract new killers while the latter reassures them their attacks are breaking American will. Iraq … would demonstrate American will power. It would save future American lives and ensure that those lost remain …
Lockheed u 2c aircraft Image from Public domain images website

Brandishing Nukes–A Self-Defeating Policy

… translated into action. In the 1950s, President Eisenhower committed the U.S. government to a first-strike nuclear … no choice, he said. His policy of preventive attack was useless if he could not see what his enemy was doing. Everyone … preventive nuclear attack are launched, the words can cause future damage that far outweighs anything gained by a policy …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … amendment was offered as an anti-New Deal measure. At a time when national obligations in domestic and … made amendment difficult. They believed that the rules governing the obligations and conduct of government …
J.P. Morgan

Time (Yet Again) for Preventative Regulation

… landscape and lexicon. This trend has left ever more complex financial markets and multinationals to operate in … In 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt authorized the Treasury to work with J.P. Morgan to build a support package for … like Bear Stearns. To prevent such dangers again in the future we should reestablish the barrier between the …
Women at desk marked "Learn to Vote"

So...what now? (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 4)

… National woman's party held a convention to determine the future of their organization. During this conference, Alice … politics. Next time, on  Prologued . Sarah Paxton ( Credits) This season of Prologued was brought to you by  … Oranjudio. Song and band information can be found on our website, and we encourage our listeners to visit episode …
man with a gun in a holster

Top Ten Origins: Gun Regulation

… the British military. Yet, they also inherited the English common law tradition of regulating arms. English statutes … America. 2. The Constitution The original twelve articles of the Bill of Rights , in which the Second Amendment is … In 1792, Congress gave the president power to select two sites for the nation’s federal armories. George Washington …
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining spoken dialogue with music, song, and dance. For … West to Africa and adding in a dancing cow for good measure. Audiences didn’t seem to mind the tonal departure – … when his administration founded a public school to train future actors, artists, and musicians in 1936 – today the …
Taylor Swift at the 2014 Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

2/12/2015: Top Ten Origins: Oscar Dresses and Women’s Fashion

… of widespread fashion magazines, which allowed styles to be communicated quickly to the masses. For example, Godey’s … I changed fashions dramatically. The young generation that survived it did not want to return to a stiff societal … in  Sabrina , 1954 ;  Kate Upton, 2014 Coco Chanel is credited with “inventing” the little black dress, a dress …
American soldier conducting patrol with an Iraqi soldier.

What the Vietnam War Tells Us About Iraq

… rather than fewer, troops will be required to defeat the insurgents. Meanwhile, American policy makers fear that the … attempted the same kind of program in Vietnam. It failed completely. The second measure calls for an Iraqi government … would inherit the postwar mess while the United States took credit for toppling Hussein. Invading Iraq was a dangerous …
The Education of Little Tree by Forest Carter book cover.

Fake Autobiographies: A Great American Tradition

… Laura Albert, a well-off forty-year old woman. The exposure of these works as fakes should make readers ask why these cliches are so compelling in the first place. Autobiographies, with their … not only defies our expectations, but teaches us their futility. Yet, until our expectations change, the …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … decorated Indian film with as many as 19 awards to its credit. The wheels of Indian justice system grind slowly and … amusing blend of anthropology, comedy and commentary on the futility of resistance. The cast of non-professional actors, …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… historical monuments and churches.  Sadly, it has become the center of a major feud between Armenians and … Nearby is the ruined Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque.  Other sites of interest include the 9th Century Dadivank … of Vazgen Sargsyan, Karabakh War military commander and the future Prime Minister of Armenia. Gagik Avsharyan T-72 Tank …