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Hand-coloured woodcut of a Methodist camp meeting in Eastham, Massachusetts, c. 1850.

Promise Keepers Stake Male Claim to Moral and Political Power

… of nineteenth-century America, is instructing an audience of women, as well as men, on the meaning of a revival … Tocqueville noted in the 1830s, Americans are renowned for combining “separation of church and state” with intense, … ground for men, preventing women from using their moral superiority to call for equal partnership within the home. …
President Nixon photographed through a window explaining release of edited transcripts, April 29, 1974

Will There Be a Last Nixon Cover-Up?

… staff, I am alarmed by this news. As their administrations come to a close, presidents establish foundations to raise … didn’t open those tapes until 1996, two years after Nixon died. Taylor sneered, “The archivists have done their …

Sudan in Crisis

… coexisted with Egyptian schools, missionary schools, community schools, and Sudanese private schools. In the … Services (NISS), which was accountable to al-Bashir. Soldiers of the Sudan People’s Liberation … state they will continue their acts of civil disobedience until free and transparent elections implement …
Dynamiters' train in Indianapolis.

Of Bill Gates, Casey Jones, and the Search for Heroes

… whole cloth. A hundred years later, letters to the editor commenting on the anti-trust suit against Microsoft suggest … first astronauts. The World War II generation honored the Audie Murphys and George Pattons because of their courage and … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… - mostly through means of fashion photography and short accompanying descriptions - Hill attempts to describe lingerie … how the center waist is made to appear as if it is the smallest point of the body. The written history here is … that also tap into the larger meaning of how women’s bodies are perceived in general society. The story of lingerie …
President George H.W. Bush shaking hands with Russian President Boris Yeltsin at the Kremlin.

Russia — Ten Years After the Fall

… wanted to emulate. Now that they had been freed from communist oppression, many supposed, it would not be long … many Russians did hope that Russia would magically become like the United States, the euphoric American … that Americanization was the natural and only acceptable outcome of Russian reform contributed to disregard of …
President George W. Bush signs a law in front of senators.

The Dark Side of “Faith-Based Initiatives”

… President Bush’s Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives — created to give religious groups tax … philosophers: Marvin Olasky. Bush has praised Olasky as “compassionate conservatism’s leading thinker,” saying of his … along with them. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …
Cartoonist Clifford Berryman depicts Uncle Sam after a hard-won U.S. victory in Santiago Bay, Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

What Happened When We Stayed the Course in Cuba

… remain determined, said Bush; if we waiver, Iraq will become another Vietnam. No one should be surprised that Bush … in the departments of history and interdisciplinary studies at Appalachian State University in Boone, N.C., and a …
Barack Obama was inaugurated at the United States Capitol on January 20, 2009.

The Strong Wind at His Back

… and hear Obama and learn more about him, they became more comfortable with the notion of his leadership in the White … principally as janitors, elevator operators, or cleaning ladies. It was difficult to imagine an African American as … movies featuring Will Smith and Denzel Washington as super-heroes. A few decades ago black movie star Morgan …
Photo of a healthcare worker holding an elderly person's hand.

Ducking Out on Retiree Benefits

… on a mix of public and private pensions. Like it or not, company pensions are part of public policy. This struggle … old-age security, but these were mainly posturing. Among companies claiming to offer pensions, 84 percent did not … statements it deemed “prejudicial to the interests of the company.” Fewer than 2 percent of American workers retired …
Here, a bus broadcasts the anti-apartheid message to Londoners in 1989.

Inequality After Apartheid

Review of Apartheid Guns and Money: A Tale of Profit, by Hennie van Vuuren (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019)
… and political crimes. One can only hope that subsequent studies follow up on the leads the author has provided. The … politicians, arms dealers, and bureaucrats, among others, committed heretofore underappreciated crimes in the waning … none of the men I interviewed suggested that they were completely blameless, they did give the impression that any …
The Mars explorer Curiosity's view back at its own tracks after crossing a sand dune in 2014.

Mariner 9: Opening The Martian Frontier

… in 2003. Mars, the red planet so close to Earth, has become a tantalizing target for humans to visit. Noted space … Elon Musk recently released plans to colonize Mars in the coming decades, using a network of space hardware to get … canyon system slicing much of the planet, later called Valles Marineris. Layered ice deposits showed up at the …
Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon walking on White House grounds.

Don’t Believe “Peace Is at Hand”

… it. Halfway through his first term, he secretly decided to complete American troop withdrawals around election time. … off final withdrawal. If Bush follows the Nixon game plan completely, next year he will launch a big bombing campaign … 1971 trip to Beijing, he told the Chinese that if the Communists overthrew the South Vietnamese government after …
A photograph of Viola Desmond

Remembering Viola Desmond

… that day, Desmond became the target of a racist incident, a common event for Blacks in Canada. Her decision to challenge … programs, Desmond earned a teacher’s certificate by completing a provincial test. She was required to teach in a … and a public opinion survey on the Bank of Canada website is indicative of a willingness to acknowledge a …
Indian troops in Burma, 1944.

A Forgotten Theater of War

Review of India’s War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia, by Srinath Raghavan New York, NY: Basic Books, 2016
… 1939 to over two million in 1945 (64). This process was accompanied by considerable growing pains. Indian troops … it could be made to produce wartime goods without unduly competing with Britain (89). Early in the war, India’s … do occasionally include perspectives from ordinary soldiers that add a welcome human element to the fighting. …
Vigil commemorating the 20th anniversary of the 1989 massacre

New Protests in China Won’t Be the Last

… and the June 4th Massacre that horrified television audiences around the world. It’s natural to use 1989 as a … a way to use history when trying to make sense of China’s complicated present. Another kind of continuity between 1989 … image is only partly right. In fact, most of the people soldiers killed on June 4 were workers, not students. Patrick …
A Memorial to the "Forgotten War" of Korea with the insignias of the United States Uniformed Services ringed around it.

Forgotten War, Tragic Peace

… a battle fought here at home. The advocates of containing communism clearly defeated those led by General Douglas … of peace were so soon forgotten. The fear of change still combines with fear of recurring threats to make the United … or conquest. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …
President John F. Kennedy delivers an address on the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Historical Analogies: Handle With Care

… Historical analogies, comparing something in the present with what appears to be … equal. Some are better — or at least more useful when it comes to seeking guidance from history — than others. A case … had written “Profiles in Courage,” a book composed of studies of Americans who had stood fast under pressure. In …
Dick Cheney in 2003.

The Vice President: Heir Apparent in American Politics

… thus passed into the language to refer to someone with no competence or apparent purpose. It turns out, however, that … in 1940 as a symbol of the administration's continuing commitment to the New Deal, was given significant … qualified to direct foreign policy if the president dies and to continue the basic policies in the next election …
Soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

Stalingrad at 75, the Turning Point of World War II in Europe

… of the Second World War began. More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad … armies. Over 1.8 million became casualties. More Soviet soldiers died in the five-month battle than Americans in the entire …
Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

President’s Commission on Race a Failure

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most Americans had wished it success. They had hoped that commission members’ resolve and wisdom would move attention … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …
Attica

A History of Athens Beyond Decline

Review of Athens After Empire: A History from Alexander the Great to the Emperor Hadrian, by Ian Worthington (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… story, the myth relegates that city’s more interesting, complicated history to the margins. Ian Worthington’s latest … here in a mosaic from the House of the Faun in Pompeii, died in 323 BCE, which incited confusion and revolt in … between Athens and Rome poignantly illustrate Athens’ complicated relationship with the rest of the Mediterranean …