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Rush hour traffic in Interstate 95 in Miami.

Finally, Too Many Cars

… starting to remake Maxwell Motors into his future Big Three company. In 1922, there was one registered passenger car or … a car (or two) in every driveway.   From Keystone Cops comedies to contemporary movie chases to sophisticated art, … State University, Ore., and a writer for the History News Service. …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… work begun some 30 years earlier by the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR) of the League of Nations . Created on June 27, 1921, the position of High Commissioner was subsequently offered to the Norwegian … to the Status of Refugees did non-European refugees come to be defined in the same way. In both cases, the …
Palestinians during the first intifada, 1987. (Photo by Peter Stepan)

The Long Shadow of the June 1967 War

… ceasefires in 1949 and 1956, they failed to resolve the complex underlying Arab-Israeli controversies over … that officials in the multi-layered U.S. government communicated a range of messages including some statements … the U.N. brokered a ceasefire on June 10—after six days of combat—the Israeli military occupied vast swaths of Arab …
Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center display.

America Needs New Words on Sept. 11

… surely will be. But they are inappropriate for this coming Sept. 11, no less than a newspaper printing last … And they have yet to ask all Americans to take part in accomplishing its ends. Lincoln spoke at Gettysburg to honor … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Centennial Seal of the Land Grant Colleges

The 1862 Morrill Act Honored the Liberal Arts As Well As Technical Education

… devoted to “Reinventing College.” Several full-page public-service ads celebrated “Milestones in the History of U.S. … The first ad had “1862” emblazoned across the top, accompanied by a photograph of President Abraham Lincoln.   … (1890), and Southern (Louisiana) University (1881).   It is commonly assumed that those 30,000 acres of federal land …
Cover of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui.

Forces of Good and Evil

Review of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… chapter deals with the wartime experiences of individual combatants. When confronted with the visceral nature of warfare soldiers often articulated their experiences using religious … third chapter examines Emancipation to see how Americans comprehended slavery’s end . Blum and Matsui find that …
UN forces crossing the 38th Parallel in 1950.

Why We Need to Rearm Iraq

… by hostile states or require an open-ended U.S. military commitment to Iraq. In short, this issue is of crucial … in the Middle East. It will also determine the future commitment of the United States to Iraq. Maj. Gen. Paul … and Balancing" (2003) and is a writer for History News Service. …
Black Panther

Searching for Wakanda: The African Roots of the Black Panther Story

… was elaborated in the next issue (#53, August 1966). Marvel Comics’ dynamic duo Stan Lee and Jack Kirby created the … , who has penned the storylines for the Black Panther comic since 2016, has also pointed to Ethiopia , a country … ). But to locate Lee and Kirby’s original idea in 1966, the comics provide better clues. T’challa explains his own …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… before all slaves in Massachusetts would be set free, the Commonwealth v. Jennison case of 1783 ensured that slaves … still be a long time before popular opinion on the issue coincides with how judges define the rights of individuals … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Liu Bang, or Emperor Gaozu of Han

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

… of China’s greatest imperial dynasty was, like Mao, a commoner. As with many dynastic founders, it is difficult to … and “Madam Liu”). They were farmers, working the rice paddies that stretched out from the Yellow River northward over … however, Liu improved his condition by passing the civil service exam—high marks on government tests were a powerful …
Transmission tower in Tennessee in the 1940s.

Back to the Future With Thomas A. Edison

… stubbornly. When it appeared he could no longer win by competing fairly, he tried playing up the dangerous aspects … expert Maurice Gunderson of Nth Power, a venture capital company in San Francisco, it wasn’t so much that Edison was … in Technology (2004) and a writer for the History News Service. …
Undated photo of the Reichstag building in Berlin, Germany.

Democracy-Building Will Be Tougher This Time

… had literate, talented, industrially and technologically competent populations, a huge help in building a modern … officials today talk of a one- or possibly two-year commitment in Iraq. After World War II the vanquished … Henry Butterfield Ryan is a writer for the History News Service. He is also an associate of the Institute for the …
Mr. Ernesto Zedillo, Chair GDN Board of Directors, kicks off the 10th annual GDN conference.

Broken Promises in Mexico

… bilateral trade, illegal immigration, and joint efforts to combat drug trafficking. Political reform in Mexico should … these words of praise ring hollow. Zedillo has shown little commitment to reform. In fact, he recently supported … in Norfolk, Virginia and a writer for the History News Service. …
This photo shows Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDR), which was transported from bases in the U.S. and air dropped to regions of Afghanistan where the displaced people are at risk of starvation.

Democracy’s Vital Ingredient — Food

… wise to heed Marshall's warning and rally the international community to increase food aid to the Afghan government. … appeal has not been fully answered by the international community. Another tragedy is unfolding in the isolated … has to occur before the annual massive snowfalls, when it becomes extremely difficult, if not impossible, to reach these …
President George H.W. Bush shaking hands with Russian President Boris Yeltsin at the Kremlin.

Russia — Ten Years After the Fall

… wanted to emulate. Now that they had been freed from communist oppression, many supposed, it would not be long … many Russians did hope that Russia would magically become like the United States, the euphoric American … in New Brunswick, N.J., and a writer for the History News Service. …
19th century engraving showing Wall Street from the corner of Broad Street.

The First Wall Street Bomb

… an unknown enemy, one whom many Americans believed had committed an act of war. And, like the destruction of the … Americans in 1920, the death toll from the blast seemed incomprehensible. “The horrible slaughter and maiming of men … at Columbia University and a writer for the History News Service. She is writing a book on the 1920 Wall Street …
Cover of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall by Mary Elise Sarotte.

…And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: A History of Contingency and Happenstance

Review of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, by Mary Elise Sarotte New York: Basic Books, 2014.
… irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … she instead writes the history of serendipity whose outcome was far from predetermined, even if it seems so in … authority of East Germany’s Socialist Unity Party (SED) was compromised; the leadership’s attempts to rebuild were …
The statue of Saddam Hussein topples in Baghdad's Firdos Square on April 9, 2003.

Breaking the Trust: Relation Tensions Between Iraq and the US

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
US History since 1877
American Government
War & Peace
… with Christian missionaries following the arrival of oil companies in the early 20th century. The article continues … and Iraqi governments. For this lesson, students will complete a document-based question activity in small groups. … assess their learning with a check for understanding. Once completed with the assessment, the students will continue …
Iceberg, St. Lunaire.

A Postcard from Newfoundland

… people in harvesting sea life off the banks of what would become Canada’s eastern shore. Cod—so synonymous with fishing … villages on the coast were relocated to more centralized communities. It was argued that infrastructure projects such … and electrification, as well as education and health services were impossible to provide to such disparate …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … a military body led by General Johnson Aguysi Ironsi, the Commander of the Nigerian Army, who was also Igbo. The … in July 1966. This countercoup turned out to be bloodier, and this time, Igbos were the victims. Many …
The Fire of Rome, 18 July 64 AD, Oil on Canvas, Robert Hubert, 1785. In the Musee des Beaux-Arts Andre Malraux; Le Havre, France.

The Great Fire of Rome

… fire have long been questioned and debated, the academic community generally blames poor circumstances for Rome’s … from his imagination.  Tacitus, ever the skeptic in comparison, posited a different conclusion. In the absence … quickly begins to seem embellished.  Modern historians have come to a consensus that Tacitus, not Suetonius, is a more …
Cover of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century by William Chester Jordan.

To Serve God and the King?

Review of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century, by William Chester Jordan (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating below the level of the state in medieval Europe. As a consequence they have left historians … Without question, the two men performed tremendous public services to their monarchs, but Jordan's focus on this …
Alert soldiers on the Brandenburg Gate, during the Spartacist Uprising

Victorious Weimar: Reframing the German Revolution

Review of November 1918: The German Revolution, by Robert Gerwarth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived … was “remarkably bloodless,” at least initially, as compared to other revolutionary regime changes that occurred … political system in which all power was in the hands of soldiers’ and workers’ councils.” Ebert emerged as Chancellor, …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, or worse: incompetent. Well, health care legislation has passed, the … opportunity to self-destruct.   It cannot be entirely coincidental that the Obama administration has spoken often … Century (2009) and is a writer for the History News Service. …