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Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… luxury and self-indulgence with the stern defender of the common man we know from history textbooks. As chief … parlor. He took down the second story and added a dome to complete the perfectly proportioned facade that looks out at … and up to 350 types of vegetables at one time, including some 50 varieties of peas, 44 varieties of beans, and …
Jackie Robinson

Living Up to Jackie Robinson

… jeopardize the process of integration. He was, by nature, a combative individual, so he had to struggle to restrain … "Then I could walk away from baseball and never become a star. But my son could tell his son what his daddy … who restrained his temper in the face of bigotry, some of today's players have serious anger management …
President Bill Clinton in 1999.

History of Sixth-Year Elections Bodes Well for Democrats

… It has happened twice before in this century, and the comparisons are instructive for the current situation. In … Hoover in 1928 and Bush in 1988. That precedent should be somewhat encouraging to Democrats as they look toward 2000, … but the subsequent fates of Hoover and Bush may not be so comforting for the longer run. Robert S. McElvaine, a writer …
The Rodina crew. Left to right: Polina Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova, and Marina Raskova.

The Rodina Flight

The Remarkable Story of the Women’s Non-Stop Long-Distance Flight Record
… miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … the destination from New York to the Soviet Far East in Komsomol’sk-on-Amur. The three-woman team would fly a … date to late September. By the time she recovered, a state commission recommended canceling the flight due to poor …
American Anti-Slavery Society, 1837

Revisiting Long Histories of the Reparations Debate

Review of Reparations for Slavery and The Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History, by Ana Lucia Araujo (New York City: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2017)
… enslaved Africans generated tremendous wealth for an elite community of slave owners, slave traders, and political … enslaved individuals and their descendants petitioned for compensation, recognition, and material support, known today … government had a right to free us she had a right to make some provisions for us as she did make it soon after our …

The Ukrainian Crisis: In Russia's Long Shadow

… of Ukraine: Russia cannot be an empire without Ukraine and coming to terms with Ukraine’s separate nationhood is a … his domestic popularity, but in so doing he exploited complexities and confusions about Ukrainian identity … hoping for a restoration of the Russian Empire in some more or less democratized form, but they too were …
Inside the National Veteran's Museum and Memorial - The NVMM's exhibits chronicle the stages of a veteran's experience.

The National Veterans Museum and Memorial

… experience. Chosen with the help of a veterans advisory committee from a pool of 250 potential candidates, the 25 … a veteran’s post-service life meaningfully different than someone who hasn’t served? And what are the shared … whether they served during peace times. Despite its shortcomings, the NVMM is still a profound and eloquent space, …
U.S. Department of Homeland Security seal.

Sharing the Burdens of War

… draft exemption for college students. At the time, family income was the largest single determinant of who attended … the rich from danger while drafting poor men to send into combat. Accurate or not, the widespread perception of … the bill provides extended unemployment benefits to some of the people who have lost their jobs since Sept. 11. …
Arnold Schwarzenegger and Maria Shriver in 2007.

An Immigrant in the White House? But Will It Be Arnold?

… they should be careful what they wish for. In order to become president of the United States, the Constitution … The proposal seems motivated by one man’s chances to become president: Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Austrian-born … Certainly one could serve honorably as president. Just as some Republicans came to regret the 22nd Amendment, never …
The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Genocide and Justice in Rwanda

… of criminal responsibility imposed by the international community for the commission of mass atrocities. Yet, genocide became an … been adopted by the International Criminal Court, leading some critics to object that protection for the accused is …
The Thinker by Auguste Rodin

Graduate Students Discuss Public Intellectualism

… as the case might be. If we really want to engage the community with historical thinking, a better model might be … EMILY J. ARENDT --- Gore Vidal , in response to the complaint, “Where are our great writers?” replied, “Where … This label is not intended to insult their intelligence, as some are quite smart, but a reflection of their lack of …
The National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

With God on Our Side

… he proclaimed that “our nation is chosen by God and commissioned by history to be a model to the world.” This … notwithstanding the fact that Spanish missionaries had accomplished this two centuries before. But not all American … that he does not worry about alienating other nations. “At some point, we may be the only ones left,” he has said. …
North College Hill, Ohio, USA, Memorial Day parade, 2004, by Rick Dikeman.

A Vanishing American Remembrance?

… the national holiday from its pedestal. Memorial Day commemorates the men and women killed on the battlefield or … Gibbons (R – Nevada). Both bills were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee on Government Reform and haven't been seen since. …
President of the United States Ronald Reagan in a briefing with National Security Council staff on the Libya bombing on 15 April 1986.

The National Insecurity State

… expands our list of enemies and defines any potential competitor as a mortal threat. The national insecurity state … As president, Eisenhower urged the nation to expect the communist enemy to be around for 20, 50 or 60 years. In … no matter how big and tough you are, there is always some young challenger who will not rest until he gets a shot …
Unification council of Orthodox Church in Ukraine, 2018.

The Religious Roots of the War in Ukraine

… authorities signed an agreement with the ROC permitting it some legal existence under close administrative control.  … in the Ukrainian Republic . By 1992, there were three competing Orthodox churches in Ukraine: the UOC-MP, a new … Ukraine within their spiritual jurisdiction.  Religious complexity has underpinned a fundamental pluralism in …
Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… protests in Hong Kong that have directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been … November as the leader of the Politburo’s powerful Standing Committee. But we shouldn’t make too much of Jiang’s passing … replaced London as the distant capital calling the shots. Some measures included in Article 23 resemble old British …
Female governors left to right, Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Kay Orr, and Gretchen Whitmer.

A Century of Elected Woman Governors in the United States, 1924-2024

… William B. Ross died while governor in October 1924 from complications following an emergency appendectomy. The … segregation, but like Ross and Ferguson she added some special interest issues of her own to the agenda.  In … the District of Columbia. Women gubernatorial officeholders come from both major U.S. political parties. Since December …
John Kerry addressing reporters in 2015.

What’s a Convention For, Any More?

… of money and momentum. This year, conventions were almost completely removed from the selection of a nominee. For all … have looked for vice-presidential candidates who would complement their campaign’s main themes. In 1992, Al Gore, … planned for the campaign. The 2004 campaign has featured some innovations in popular politics, usually involving the …
Palestine & Israel flags

Israeli and Palestinian Fantasies Block the Way to Peace

… As any viewer of television news knows, those who comment on the Arab-Israeli crisis offer many different … group continues to indulge in these fantasies, significant compromise will be difficult to achieve.   The principal … administration, because Barak's plan included retention of some Israeli settlements. As long as the Israelis demand …
J.P. Morgan

Time (Yet Again) for Preventative Regulation

… landscape and lexicon. This trend has left ever more complex financial markets and multinationals to operate in … build a support package for several nearly insolvent trust companies. This effort quelled market panic and made Morgan … activities. While implementation was imperfect and stifled some financial innovation, the loss of the Glass-Steagall …
This is the third Strasbourg astronomical clock which is located in the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was built in 1843, the first clock was built 1352-1354.

Paleotechnic Machines in the Middle Ages

Review of Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art, by E.R. Truitt (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)
… heads that revealed the future, and automated gardens complete with metallic singing birds. In this book, E.R. … in creating its own automata but viewed foreign automata as coming from lands “rich in flamboyant excesses of nature, … many of the automata Truitt mentions, and offers something for the enthusiast, student, and dedicated scholar. …
The Nature of Childhood: An Environmental History of Growing Up in America since 1865 Book Cover

Play, Paranoia, and American Childhood in the Great Outdoors

Review of The Nature of Childhood: An Environmental History of Growing Up in America since 1865, by Pamela Riney-Kehrberg (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2014)
… Places, backyards, and basements filled with televisions, computers, and Playstations. Riney-Kehrberg describes how … will see that between 1950 and 1970 resilient children combatted the pressure to move indoors by finding creative … their children were no longer safe outside. In the 1990s, some “voices in the wilderness,” so to speak, reacted …
Cover of A Wicked Company The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom.

Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons

Review of A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment, by Philipp Blom (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… and Voltaire. Diderot is remembered today mostly as a compiler of others people's work in his role as editor of … wrote a number of his own philosophical works, letters and commentaries.  Holbach is scarcely remembered at all, though … reminds us of their menace when he points out that in 1768, some readers of Holbach's anti-clerical Christianity …