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… With the passage of a Senate bill shoring up private pension … And not a minute too soon. After a decade of underfunding their pension plans, flagship American corporations have now … $50 billion subsidy by the end of the century. In 1979, when the private pension system had reached its peak, …

… In recent weeks the world has seen the passing of two of the most notorious … and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), the chair of which was Archbishop Desmond Tutu. In Chile the government of … had remained hidden for more than a decade was revealed when the police responsible for the killings of “The Cradock …

… Over six weekends in the summer of 1969, nearly 300,000 Black people gathered in … Soul featuring Mongo Santamaría and Style in Harlem.   1969 was a complex moment. Even as the festival affirmed the … Festival from the Summer of Soul Soundtrack.   Even when the music did not explicitly discuss the Freedom …

… Fifty years ago, a single mother from the state of Chihuahua in northern Mexico migrated … working the agricultural migrant circuit. That young mother was my grandmother, my abuelita.    My abuelita's stories … Union, and the Ventura County "Six Month Strike" of 1941, when my father's family was evicted from the Rancho Sespe …

… of Armenian descent, were given a one-year prison sentence. Their crime: they had used the term "genocide" in reference … in Anatolia had an important religious element. Islam was central to Turkification, so the CUP privileged Muslims … oppression (p. 130)." But with this reform in place, when the Ottomans suffered defeats on the Russian front, the …

… experiment, which makes electricity fully subject to the free market, reverses a century of sound experience. The … its future. Waterpower once used for gold mining was harnessed to turn electric power generators, and Sierra … economy, a goal shared by Americans everywhere. Therefore, when people weighed resources, costs, technologies and …

… The growing immigrant rights movement has brought … In a country where "no taxation without representation" was a rallying cry for revolution, such a proposition was … are eligible to become U.S. citizens, unlike earlier times when nearly every immigrant could naturalize. Advocates of …

… And the spirits that burn in the Baghdad sky Insist there’s a … is that the white supremacist movement after Vietnam was far more interconnected than either the media or the … confrontation took place in Greensboro, NC late in 1979, when Communist Party organizers staged an anti-Klan rally, …

… of college students' knowledge of U.S. history yielded the sad fact that the students know little about the facts … advertising agencies, the less people knew, the easier it was to sell them goods by packaging that appealed to their … mass education and mass media dealing with public affairs when he wrote that "those who in vague rhetoric dwell on …

… At the turn of the 20th century, the concept of “blood” took a … Still, much is at stake in the language of blood. Blood was part a broader strategy of elimination, a tool used to … from this was dubbed the “White Earth Tragedy.” Similarly, when the Dawes Commission dealt with the Five Tribes of …

… H. W. Brand's new book The Zealot and the Emancipator: John Brown, Abraham Lincoln, … Lincoln and Stephen Douglas, both from Illinois. Douglas was already a nationally-prominent Democrat who tried to … anti-slavery crusade must grapple with the question of when, or if, it is ever appropriate to engage in violence …

… The death of Deng Xiaoping creates an opportunity by which China can solve one its most vexing problems: the status of Tibet.  Next to Taiwan and Hong Kong, Tibet … the current leadership and immeasurably strengthen its hand when it tackles the far more difficult issue of Taiwan. Now …

… Confronted with the need to win world support for its fight against … news. In everything it did, the Office of War Information was committed to a “strategy of truth.” The agency also … elusive, and it is not clear what will happen if and when he is found. And with American war aims murky amid …

… 2009 Tour de France winner, Alberto Contador, wearing the yellow jersey on June 26, 2009. The iconic yellow jersey … of spectators were much larger in 1919 and the armband was not visible enough. Thus on July 19, 1919 in Grenoble, … so arduous. The longest stage in 2019 is a mere 142 miles. When the tour first began in 1903, the idea that France …

… gridlock, that paralysis need not extend to foreign policy. The Constitution confers broad authority on the chief … of modern American foreign policy. Franklin D. Roosevelt was another “domestic president” who made his mark on … Rice possesses the combined experience, influence and bureaucratic savvy to ensure that foreign policy is not …

… Russians have featured prominently in the American press recently. Whether regarding Ukraine , … conflict, despite British pleas for assistance. The Empress was sympathetic to the colonists and believed that an … the USSR , playing six concerts: three in Moscow, three in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). Accompanied by then-wife …

… “The breath of the tens of thousands of people jammed against … be seen the swaying shadows of the bare March trees. It was a terrible and a fantastic sight” Yevgeny Yevtushenko … figures such as Yevtushenko. Rubenstein candidly admits when sources are troublesome – memoirs that may have been …

… almost four hundred years William Shakespeare has captured the imaginations of readers and actors. The sheer volume of … years. Rather unorthodoxly, he argues that Shakespeare was the "first great literary commuter," maintaining his … the Earl of Oxford. Rather ironically, this period was also when textual restoration began to gain steam. With the birth …

… In February-March 1616,  the Catholic Church  issued a prohibition against the … attracted few followers. At first, Galileo himself was not one of them, although he was interested because his … trial 17 years later. Galileo kept quiet until 1623, when a new pope was elected, Urban VIII, who was a great …

… is dead on arrival. Most Americans had wished it success. They had hoped that commission members’ resolve and wisdom … discussions remained polite and politically correct; candor was not its most notable characteristic. No one should be … that race isn’t a handicap in our seemingly robust economy when even fast-food places are begging for workers. Much of …

… For the last several years, the United States has depicted the … the first things the Nazis did upon seizing power in 1933 was to outlaw abortion. Family planning centers were closed, … repressive ones restrict them. Which side are we on when this administration votes with countries like Iran and …

… The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, that state’s … the Massachusetts supreme court ruled that slavery was unconstitutional in the Bay State. Although it would be … and its long aftermath also indicate that, regardless of when or if agreement between majority opinion and …

… In a landmark vote, Scotland will take to the polls on September 18 to determine whether it remains a … the UK Parliament, which meets at Westminster in London, was the only legislature for all four nations. While … Riots erupted in the streets throughout Scottish towns when a draft of the treaty was made public. Yet, despite …

… The United States is a young country, and it would seem to … how Swiss banks handled gold seized from Jews by the Nazis was beginning to die down. Pope John Paul II recently asked … And there are more subtle forms of anti-Semitism, such as when political or religious leaders refer to the United …