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 In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch Book Cover.

In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement

Review of In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
… in Dayton, Tennessee eighty years ago continues to be so influential? How did the anti-evolution movement … for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … while arguing, like Darrow once did, that "multiple viewpoints" should be discussed in the classroom. Lienesch …
Image of Pluto from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft taken on July 13, 2015.

Discovering Pluto

… These lectures were later published in 1903 as  The Solar System . Lowell’s belief in a ninth planet, which he … and mathematical calculations.  Initially, he focused on comet and meteor predictions, but he later turned to … To assist with calculations, he hired a team of human computers—individuals (often women) who performed complex …
Demonstrators protest the judicial proceedings against suspected White Power activists following the Greensboro massacre of 1979.

"Lone Wolves" No More

Review of Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America, by Kathleen Belew (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… in the Baghdad sky Insist there’s a price we must pay A soldier returns from the war in the Gulf A soldier named Tim McVeigh . . . ―Charlie King, The War is Coming Home , 1996 On April 19, 1995, a date fraught with … emboldened White Power activists; two subsequent flashpoints then embittered them. In 1992, militarized federal …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… On March 3, 1913, the day before President-elect Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration, more than 5,000 women—young and old, … of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … about women voting. The organizers of the 1913 parade accomplished all this in the face of obstacles that those of …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… In late December 1979—thirty-five years ago this month—the Soviet army entered Afghanistan to stabilize the pro-Soviet … in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the … society.” Kopp saw the Bolshevik Revolution as an event embodied in modernist architecture, but also facilitated and …
Greek amphora, or jug, from c. 540 BCE showing two hoplite phalanxes engaged in combat. Hoplites were the heavy infantry who formed the backbone of most Greek armies in the Classical Age.

A Fragmented History of Ancient Generalship

Review of The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of Warfare, by Joseph Roisman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Joseph Roisman’s  The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of … naval empire are obvious first choices, but Roisman also includes the frequently overlooked Spartan navarch … Roisman’s goal is not biography, but to provide case studies that show what Greek generalship was in the Classical …
One of the McMinnville UFO photographs. Skeptics have concluded that the UFO was a small model suspended by wires or string from the power lines visible at the top of the photo.

The Air Force Investigation into UFOs

… Flying Objects (UFOs). Headquartered at Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, OH, Project Blue Book ran … investigating reports of UFOs. To this end it instituted a comprehensive study of UFOs.  This study, known as Project … “misinterpretation of known objects.”  Nevertheless, it recommended continued investigation of all sightings.  Project …
Cover of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America's Founders by Dennis C. Rasmussen

Such a Disappointment

Review of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America’s Founders, by Dennis C. Rasmussen (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… we have often projected runs a current of disappointment sometimes bordering on despair. From the Puritan ministers … by the idea that the present seems pretty terrible in comparison with the past, even if that past is mythic or not … thing, and Rasmussen pairs each founder with a particular complaint. For Washington, it was partisanship. Even as he …
William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States.

Zealous Moderates: Barack Obama and William Howard Taft

… Every season brings a new round of presidential analogies and comparisons. Two years into his presidency, Barack Obama has … the Supreme Court. Kenneth Weisbrode is a historian at the European University Institute and the author of The Atlantic …
A refrigerator advertisement in The Ladies Home Journal, 1948.

The Feminine Mystique

… magazine. She went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of … moved to New York City and found writing jobs, first with a socialist news service that advocated for the working class, …
Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, October 1941

Pearl Harbor

… of the 1941/42 Centrifugal Offensive was the Dutch East Indies and its rich oil fields that could make Japan … the bay, devoid of protective torpedo nets, without combat watches on duty, and lacking accessible ammunition, … Pearl Harbor reverberated throughout the struggle raging in Europe . In Britain, having long stood in opposition to …
President Theodore Roosevelt helped solidify conservation as a national agenda item along with preservationist John Muir.

Executive Conservation

Review of Presidents and the American Environment, by Otis L. Graham, Jr. (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2015)
… The book focuses primarily on conservation efforts and not so much “the environment” writ-large. After an introductory … order beginning with the unimpressive trio of Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, and William McKinley. Presidents … onto both parties’ national agendas for decades to come and FDR splicing “conservation into the Democratic …
Cover of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals by David SchefferDavid S

Bringing Evil to Justice

Review of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals, by David Scheffer (NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… a test of how well the United States, and the international community could create institutions of governance after the … organization and mechanics of each court differed, each sought to reaffirm the legal principles established at the … provided with a vigorous defense. Slobodan Milosevic died in a jail cell in The Hague. Meanwhile the Bush …

Yemen: A Civil War Centuries in the Making

… Yemen’s internationally recognized government is sitting comfortably in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 900 miles away from … dozens of protesters were killed in March 2011, civil disobedience was accompanied by attacks in retribution, … in Egypt and Iraq, while others pursued advanced degrees in Europe and in the United States. Imam Yahya envisioned this …
Liu Bang, or Emperor Gaozu of Han

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

… , or Emperor Gaozu of Han Yet it is undeniable that some individuals do change the course of history through … of China’s greatest imperial dynasty was, like Mao, a commoner. As with many dynastic founders, it is difficult to … and “Madam Liu”). They were farmers, working the rice paddies that stretched out from the Yellow River northward over …
scene from the video game Valiant Hearts, The Great War

Top Ten Origins: Historically Themed Video Games

… of four primary protagonists: an African American soldier, a Belgian nurse, a German soldier, and his French … (1994) Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) began developing computer games in 1979, but only established itself as a … has grades for each skill set (politics, war, etc.), body points to simulate the ruler’s health, and a set limit on …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… broke what World Health Organization physician Donald Henderson (the architect behind the smallpox eradication program) … was the result of a decades-long global program involving complex geopolitical cooperation, human ingenuity, and … she was diagnosed with  variola major on August 20; she died on September 11 and became smallpox’s final victim.  In …
American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips book cover.

American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century

Review of American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips New York: Viking, 2006
… Having won the 1968 election in the wake of several social upheavals – both at home and abroad – President Nixon … helped inspire. Like Nixon in late 1969, the author has become immensely disillusioned with America's leadership class … According to Phillips, as fundamentalism gained a wider audience it played a more vocal role in shaping the parameters …
"Where do we go from here?," a 1920 cartoon depicting the League of Nations Covenant and the Treaty of Versailles

The Versailles Treaty Fight

… Premier Georges Clemenceau; U.S. President Woodrow Wilson (right). The meeting was marked by a most conspicuous … in the form of Uncle Sam withholding the keystone to complete the "League of Nations Bridge." The traditional way … to contemporaries, then, that in 1940, as war engulfed Europe, the League’s socio-economic sections were evacuated …
A portrait of Martin Luther King, Jr.

The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

… window at the rear of Bessie Brewer’s Rooming House on South Main Street in Memphis, TN and aimed a Remington Model … Memphis, a pall of shock and sadness blanketed the black community. Anguish soon turned to anger. Fearing a riot, the … by violence. And so it had to be the fire this time. A soldier standing guard following riots in Washington, D.C. …
Fourth of July celebration in Philadelphia, 1819.

The United States: Democracy or Republic?

… democratic institutions and traditions.” Yet, according to some Republican politicians, like House Speaker Mike … in the 18th century included the selflessness to put the common good above special interests. Only a few (men) could … originated in ancient Greece and Rome, reemerged among medieval Italian states and again among Dutch and Polish …