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An image showing slaves working on a plantation on the island of Antigua in the early 1800s.

After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807

Review of After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807, by Marika Sherwood (I.B. Tauris, 2007)
… slave trade. While the anniversary passed without too much comment in the United States, it was commemorated widely in … Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, is also a founding member of the Black & Asian Studies Association in the UK. After Abolition makes the claim …
Emergency servicemen and volunteers remove rubble and demine territory after Russian shelling, Kyiv, Oblast, 2022.

Ukrainian Architecture at War

… Derzhprom building on Kharkiv’s Freedom Square is the most complete example of constructivist architecture in the world … was the largest single structure in the world when it was completed in 1928. To complete the project in a speedy two and a half years, 5,000 …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, or worse: incompetent. Well, health care legislation has passed, the … and permanent. Everyone’s attention span is short. But the complex job of the president adheres to a different time … are now of Polk and Wilson. These presidents had in common the setting of a few clear goals and great …
Nationalist poster depicting Pakistani atrocities during the war

The Bangladesh Liberation War

… South Asia’s geopolitical landscape, it also bears a more complex and lesser-known set of legacies for how we think … murder and deportation of the populace—the army of Pakistan committed war crimes that reached the level of genocide. … of a Congressional sanction. The U.S., in other words, was complicit in an unfolding humanitarian crisis of astounding …
Destruction in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake.

Another Pearl Harbor? Not by a Longshot

… Still, some have tried. The most irresistible historical comparison is to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on … victory. Few Americans in 2001 can expect a similar outcome. When considering sheer carnage, some might be tempted … in San Francisco claimed an equal number of victims. These comparisons end with the numbers, however, because unlike …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This … done. Clinton will seem like an activist president without committing himself to very much. And the Tibetans? In … religion and would just as soon wait for the Dalai Lama to die. Meanwhile, its members encourage the migration of …
Heads of delegations at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21), which led to the signing of the Paris Agreement.

Looking for a Common Language at Copenhagen

… of solving a problem facing the entire world, the summit’s composition best resembles a hodgepodge of national-or what … summits can’t bring results if those present don’t share a common language or a common tradition, no matter how pressing the issue. They end …
The Great Mosque of Djenne. This image illustrates the influence of Islam in the region and the building style of the region. Its origins are unknown but it shows the power of the emperors who built this structure that still stands today.

A New View of West African Empires

Review of African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa, by Michael A. Gomez (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018)
… colonial era has been relegated to the periphery of most studies of this period. In African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa , however, Michael A. Gomez places West … how interconnected each empire was and how intricate and complex politics were in West Africa during this period. He …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these tragic events. Hiroshima Peace Memorial … so severely that they had little skin left on their bodies. Several cried out for water, though when she fetched one man a cup of water, he died soon after drinking it. With buildings destroyed and …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… was the result of a decades-long global program involving complex geopolitical cooperation, human ingenuity, and … States and the Soviet Union worked together towards a common purpose: combating smallpox in 43 countries with a … she was diagnosed with  variola major on August 20; she died on September 11 and became smallpox’s final victim.  In …
A posthumous portrait of Ferdinand Magellan, painted c. 16th or 17th century

Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Earth

… 1494, after Christopher Columbus returned from the West Indies, the Spanish and Portuguese governments signed a deal … and develop trade with Africa, Asia, and the East Indies, while Spain controlled the Americas. By 1515, then, … in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de …
Cover of The Battle of Adwa African Victory in the Age of Empire by Raymond Jonas

When Ethiopia Stunned the World

Review of The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire, by Raymond Jonas (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2011)
… and, due to a series of blunders by his subordinate commanders, his force was overwhelmed. Aside from numerous … also captured 1,900 Italians and 1,500 Askari (African soldiers serving in the Italian armed forces). The scope and … of colonialists demanded their aims be accomplished on the cheap. It was just such pressure to win cheaply and quickly …
Sébastien Slodtz's statue of Hannibal Barca.

On the Verge of War, Look Before You Leap

… the terrorist attack seems too much to bear. Professional commentators, and current and former government officials … Africa. Jefferson calculated that this approach would be cheaper than paying ransom to those dens of pirates. The … war.” His unit had killed and wounded several American soldiers and taken others prisoner. President James K. Polk, …
Cover of Robert Clifton Weaver and the American City The Life and Times of an Urban Reformer by Wendell E. Pritchett.

Invisible Man

Review of Robert Clifton Weaver and the American City: The Life and Times of an Urban Reformer , by Wendell E. Pritchett (University of Chicago Press, 2008)
Sister Rosetta Tharpe

The Mother of Rock and Roll

… disc jockey Alan Freed crowing “That’s Bill Haley and the Comets rockin’ and rollin’ you with ‘Shake, Rattle and … even of sexuality. Tharpe’s career was cut short when she died of complications from diabetes in 1973, at the age of … packed Griffith Stadium were mostly middle-aged church ladies, not the screaming teeny-boppers who would fill Shea …
Ita Ford and Dorothy Kazel, two of the murdered women of El Salvador

The Murdered Churchwomen in El Salvador

… believed that anyone who opposed the military regime was a communist, including religious figures. This slogan, … according to leading liberation theologists like Gustavo Gutierrez, had a moral responsibility to recognize, … nuns based on their dress code. On December 4, their bodies were found in shallow graves. They had been raped and …
Medical examination photo of Gordon showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful tool in the abolitionist movement.

Can Reparations Heal the Wounds of Slavery?

… elsewhere indicate that the slavery lawsuit could become an invaluable tool for bridging the racial divide in … system, and perhaps even reaches the stage of exploring remedies, public discussion is likely to provide momentum for a … Yet an agreement that would allocate funds for housing subsidies, health care and education opportunities might be …
A view of the West Bank city of Bethlehem.

A Dawn of Peace in Bethlehem?

… relations in the region. By 2001, Christmas had become a casualty of Israeli-Palestinian violence. Israel … President Yasser Arafat, a Muslim, from traveling from his compound in Ramallah across Israel in order to be present at … 21 hotels in the area were empty. The Bethlehem Hotel, accommodating mainly journalists and Palestinian Authority …
Portrait of James Madison.

The Hidden Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform

… discussion of issues over party politics but make political compromise even more difficult than it is today. In 1787, … ratified as the law of the land, he argued that competition among many interest groups was the genius of the … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
A bus that has been blown up by terrorists

A Who’s Who of Jihadi Terrorism in Europe

Review of Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History, by Petter Nesser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… of Charlie Hebdo in 2015. Looking at specific case studies of terrorist cells and associated acts of terrorism , … France by connecting these jihadist veterans with foot-soldiers drafted from ethnic-Algerian street gangs in France. … European cells in Europe and established its own cells commanded directly by leaders in Afghanistan. Despite being …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … the Senate as Jefferson's vice president from 1801-1805 recommended dropping in an effort to simplify Senate rules. …  But it made using a filibuster infinitely more easy by permitting senators merely to indicate an intention …