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The federal government commissioned a series of public murals from the artists it employed: William Gropper's Construction of a Dam (1939) is characteristic of much of the art of the 1930s, with workers seen in heroic poses, laboring in unison to complete a great public project.

Guess What? The New Deal Worked!

… Since the economic crisis we’re now in is being compared to the Great Depression, the solutions being offered are being routinely compared to the New Deal. … the one we’re in right now.   More than that, during the 30 years in which we’ve moved away from the New Deal, the …
A bus that has been blown up by terrorists

A Who’s Who of Jihadi Terrorism in Europe

Review of Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History, by Petter Nesser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… of terrorists shocked the world by attacking and killing 130 people across various sites in Paris, France in a … of Air France flight 8969 in 1994 to the attack on the offices of Charlie Hebdo in 2015. Looking at specific case … European cells in Europe and established its own cells commanded directly by leaders in Afghanistan. Despite being …
Photo of Tiananmen Square from 2007.

Bombings, Blood Debts, and Mutual Suspicion

… demonstrators across China as they vented their outrage against NATO following the bombing of the Chinese embassy in … to work with. The sense of international threat emerged soon after the crushing of the democracy movement on June 4, … a lengthy analysis in July 1989 explaining how the “anti-communist forces” of the capitalist world, led by the U.S. …
Cover of Health, Healing and Illness in African History by Rebekah Lee.

Africa's Medical History Revealed

Review of Health, Healing and Illness in African History, by Rebekah Lee (London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2021)
… of actors, including African patients themselves, families, communities, traditional healers, healthcare workers, and … providers over causation and therapeutic approaches to combat particular diseases. Coercive and racialized health … of Traditional Healers in Ghana in 1963. During the battle against HIV/AIDS traditional healers were given fundamental …
Anti-Christian sign in Federal Plaza Chicago 2008

Slavery, Gay Rights, and the Bible

… the while quoting scripture: “He that knoweth his master’s will, and doeth it not, shall be beaten with many stripes.” … This was a close paraphrase of Luke 12:47.   No master was good, Douglass insisted, but religious slaveholders were the … and equality. For them, slavery and Christianity were incompatible. These contrasting approaches parallel the …
People arriving at Ellis Island in the early 20th century.

Noncitizens have the obligations of citizens-so why not the right to vote?

… and even federal elections. Noncitizens also held public office. In a country where "no taxation without … revolution, such a proposition was not far-fetched. It was common sense that government should rest on the consent of … Voting has always been about who has a say and who will have influence over the actions of government. This …
Cover of Famine: A Short History by Cormac Ó Gráda.

Famine: A Short History

Review of Famine: A Short History, by Cormac O Grada (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… visions of Malthus, Ehrlich, and other doomsayers have not come to pass.  Drawing on a rich variety of government … networks, crop diversification, and overproduction in good years, but during bad years, as the normal crops … for policy failures.  Ó Gráda believes that this trend will continue into the future.  Global food production has …
Image of a junior high school classroom from Harris & Ewing Photographs.

An Historic Opportunity in Education

… enact this substantial change to Title I. This 35-year-old compensatory education legislation has failed to reach its … were defeated, and poor and black children were denied good schools. By the 1920s, the parties had switched … being threatened by “a rising tide of mediocrity.” In his official remarks on the report, Reagan pinned the blame for …
Cover of Caesar A Life in Western Culture by Maria Wyke.

A Man for All Seasons

Review of Caesar: A Life in Western Culture, by Maria Wyke (Chicago 2008)
… kind of present or future he is asked to encourage or warn against (21)."   In that sense Wyke's book is more of an … Wyke's book is, for the most part, very interesting and will prove useful to scholars of various fields and to the … Whereas in the 20th century, Caesar could just as easily become the savage conqueror again, someone to be resisted …
Map of the Gaza Strip in May 2005, a few months prior to the Israeli withdrawal. The major settlement blocs were the blue-shaded regions of this map.

Threads of Hope Glimmer in the Middle East

… government, which a year ago launched daily missile attacks against the farms and villages of central and southern … ties have had their ups and downs, in 2003 more than 300,000 Israeli tourists visited the Turkish resort of … President Obama in Washington earlier this year. Abbas will also almost surely make an appearance in the Nativity …
William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: Shakespeare Lost & Found

… last history play Henry VIII: Or, All is True. A volatile combination of a cheap roof and pyrotechnic effects could … the works of their chief playwright/actor/shareholder, William Shakespeare. The lease had expired on their former … Cardinal Wolsey’s house, and certain chambers being shot off at his entry, some of the paper, or other stuff, …
The Vengeance of Fulvia by Francisco Maura y Montaner, 1888 depicting Fulvia inspecting the severed head of Cicero.

Thinking of Dick Cheney as Cicero

… formally by a court or informally by a non-judicial “truth commission”? Or should he be applauded as a patriot?   Look … was the year 63 B.C. and Cicero was Roman consul. In that office he had to deal with Catiline — a talented, ruthless … way when the nation’s leaders cut legal corners for the good of the republic (think of Lincoln and his …
An artist's rendering of the Tunguska event

The 1908 Tunguska Event and the Threats of Tomorrow

… No disaster scenario more challenges human hopes to overcome nature’s forces than the sudden and unpredicted strike … by the planet at a distance closer than the moon. On June 30, 1908, a massive mysterious explosion of a cosmic body … a comet or cosmic dust. Eventually science fiction writers offered their own ideas. Writing after the nuclear …
Seal of the United States National Archives and Records Administration. The seal is described in 36 C.F.R. § 1200.2 as: The seal is centered on a disc with a double-line border. The words NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION encircle the inside of the seal and the date 1985 is at the bottom center.

Downgrading the Founders

… of our history. Moreover, the charge went, this crime against the past was being committed by leftist academics out of touch with their … its current $5 million would prevent the change of policy. Will Americans be proud to discover that their government …
Signal Soldiers train to protect against Nuclear Biological and Chemical threats.

The Nuclear Theft From the Poor and Hungry

… less money for other valuable programs, such as the fight against hunger and poverty. For as President Dwight … group Global Zero issued a report predicting that the world will spend over $1 trillion on nuclear weapons and related … fully expanded to other countries, and India and Pakistan come quickly to mind.   Pakistan recently conducted nuclear …
Mural in Guernica based on the Picasso painting. 

Guernica and the Horrors of Modern War

… It was a sunny market day in late April 1937, around 4:30 in the afternoon, when the incendiary bombs started … Guernica was not the first strategically insignificant, non-combatant town ever to be targeted for aerial bombardment, … then-unprecedented era of air-borne ordnance, even home offered no refuge at all. Sadly, the temptation to see …
Henry Ford with a Model T in 1921.

What Bill Ford Is Learning from Great-Grandpa

… Now that Ford Motor Company has announced its “Way Forward” restructuring plan, … River Rouge Plant outside of Detroit. At its height in the 30 years after the 1930s, the River Rouge daily employed … positive relations with organized labor. But pending layoffs and early retirements, reduction of health care …
Mr. Ernesto Zedillo, Chair GDN Board of Directors, kicks off the 10th annual GDN conference.

Broken Promises in Mexico

… President Clinton will soon be traveling south of the Rio Grande for a summit … bilateral trade, illegal immigration, and joint efforts to combat drug trafficking. Political reform in Mexico should … from a combination of patronage, fraud, and repression. PRI officials oversee a patronage network which includes most of …
Mount Holyoke College

Historical Truth and Personal Truths

… as a spinner of tall tales about his past. A former army officer, he fabricated a record of service in Vietnam. A … as much troubled by dishonesty and other human shortcomings as other occupations. When scholars make mistakes, … has written, then are his evaluations of those men valid? A good question. One can understand my friends' and neighbors' …
Integrated classroom in 1955.

The Long-Term Legacies of Brown v. Board

… multi-cultural society. Ironically, re-segregation has become prevalent in some school districts while at the … as their white counterparts. In addition, school officials in Topeka, Kan.;Little Rock, Ark.; Wilmington, … the same racial stereotypes that once plagued our society will become re-ingrained in the institutional fabric of our …
Floor proceedings of the U.S. Senate, in session during the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton

Uneasy Lies the Head that Sleeps in the White House

… Before 1600 (the period most of the English precedents come from), of course, one has to be careful when using … to God. Which meant that the only way to get rid of one for good was to kill him. So regicide — king-killing — became the tried and tested, unofficial English form of impeachment of the head of state. …
Mikhail Gorbachev and President Ronald Reagan posing for a photograph in the White House Library.

The American “Nation Building” Mission and Russia

… details of domestic issues, the most eye-opening comments on foreign policy have stemmed from Gov. George W. … like there was reform" in Russia while corrupt Moscow officials pocketed Western aid; he also rejected the idea … Democrat Woodrow Wilson, for example, proclaimed that the 300-year-old Romanov autocracy overthrown in 1917 "was not …
A displaced woman sits on a bed next to the remnants of her burnt house in Khor Abeche, South Darfur, 2014. UN Photo/Albert Gonzalez Farran, UNAMID

Sahelian Arabs and their Role in the Sudan War

… RSF as terrorists. Yasir al-Atta, the Sudanese army deputy commander, said in an interview on August 3, 2024, that the … Arabs, and their presence in the Sahel predates Islam. In order to understand the political dynamics of the war, we … year the UN High Commissioner for Refugees reported that 30,000 Arabs from Niger and Chad had crossed the border into …