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A traditional glass of Weissbier

Keeping Beer “Pure”: The 1516 Reinheitsgebot

… By the 1980s, the growing availability of large multinational beer brands like Heineken and Carlsberg began to … that the Reinheitsgebot was protectionist, the European Union struck down the law as an impediment to free trade in … styles of beer. Bavarian beers now compete on an international stage—one of the United States’ largest craft …
Photograph of a mock-up of the Little Boy nuclear weapon dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, in August 1945. This was the first photograph of the Little Boy bomb casing to ever be released by the U.S. government (it was declassified in 1960).

Sowing Nuclear Seeds of Division

… did agree to nuclearize. But ultimately the United States national security establishment paid a very high cost, at … Bush program in money, proliferation and domestic and international harmony are already evident. Surely it makes sense … Diplomacy/International Relations …
scene from the video game Valiant Hearts, The Great War

Top Ten Origins: Historically Themed Video Games

… one year of archival research, oral interviews, and international travel. The art team flew to Normandy, France, to … compared their notes against images from the United States National Archives to design digital environments that … factions with varying interests, and make use of U.S. or Soviet aid without alienating the other side. But the lack …
Copy of an 1890 lithograph depicting the Battle of New Orleans during the Revolutionary War.

A New Resource in the War Against Terrorism?

… how “war has been privatized.” Al Qaeda functions as a multinational corporation, with subsidiaries in more than fifty … as an honorable and effective way to provide for the national defense. Privately owned vessels, not ships of the …
Diocletian's Camp in Palmyra

Understanding the Middle East

… NATO, and also has been trying to be a member of European Union as a secular democracy. On the other hand, it is a … see that I will see Egypt as a birthplace of not only Arab nationalism, but also political Islam in its modern sense, … Diplomacy/International Relations …
penguin standing on sand at a beach with a plant and ocean behind it

Early Encounters with Penguins

… Spheniscidae. The LOC World Bird List provides an international standard in which all 18 species of penguins are … them.  For most of history they were not objects of international exchange and the peoples who lived near them had … big mass slaughter of penguins that starts to attract international outrage by the late mid- to late-1800s. As whaling …
The film Poster for Captain Phillips (2013)

Contested Waters: Captain Phillips and the Hijacking of the Maersk Alabama

… In 2009, according to the International Maritime Commission, the waters off the … action-filled hijacking reveals the peculiarities of international maritime and insurance law. For two anxious days … order. The American captain argues that he is in international waters, and he questions Mare’s claim to be a …
Hessian troops surrendering to General George Washington after the Battle of Trenton.

The Return of the Mercenary

… were hired either by aspiring dictators or by multinational corporations. Defense Systems Ltd., a British-based … So what’s to be done? John-Peter Pham, an international diplomat with extensive experience in coping with …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… as an entrepreneur…enhancing his reputation not just nationally but internationally." 5 By his death in 1887, Alfred had taken his …
Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick William III and Queen Louise of Prussia in Tilsit.

The Global Reach of the Napoleonic Wars

Review of The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History, by Alexander Mikaberidze (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… the groundwork for the eventual unification of Germany . Nationalism, spread both by and in reaction to the French, … Global/Transnational … Diplomacy/International Relations …