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The Olympic flag flies at half-staff during a memorial service to the slain Israeli athletes, September 6, 1972.

The Munich Olympic Massacre

… met to plan Operation “Ikrit and Biram” under mission commander “Issa,” Arabic for Jesus. Ikrit and Biram were two … the distraction. Reports revealed that the terrorists gruesomely castrated Romano, likely before his death. Nine … nine hostages arrived at the airport. Issa and second-in-command “Tony” hurried to inspect the Boeing but encountered …
American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips book cover.

American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century

Review of American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century, by Kevin Phillips New York: Viking, 2006
… helped inspire. Like Nixon in late 1969, the author has become immensely disillusioned with America's leadership class … state of politics in the American Republic. Having become a strong critique of the Bush dynasty in recent years, … becomes abundantly obvious that the author has accomplished something important. By gracefully identifying the …
Government of National Unity in 2009. Left to right: Arthur Mutambara, Robert Mugabe, Morgan Tsvangirai, and Thabo Mbeki.

A Lesson for South Africa? Zimbabwe’s Path to Multi-Party Rule

… 1965 to official independence in 1980.   Political factors complicated matters. Since the early 1960s, the British … rule, a move that was condemned by the international community. In response, members of the United Nations (UN) … from 1994 to 1999. Zimbabwe and South Africa have shared somewhat parallel political and historical trajectories. The …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop at the tote bags is to lose sight of the complex web of factors that created the opportunity for … endless civil war had to find a way to institutionalize some level of religious co-existence. The fact that they …
A shopkeeper sits outside his store in the Cardo waiting for tourists and residents to stop in.

A Postcard from Jerusalem

… Residents of Silwan gather for a celebration at their community center. This is the same question the Palestinian … residents of Silwan ask themselves in East Jerusalem. The community members gathered one evening for a celebration at … secular Jews come to play and eat at one of several cafes, some of the few opened in the city on that day. Machane …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… noted that work on the largest mosque in the city had been completed just before his arrival, but Timur ordered its … of Clavijo and the party of other ambassadors who he accompanied to the cosmopolitan city provoked mild interest, … but never again would a leader from the center of what some called “the World Island” of Asia cast fear into the …

The Other Half of the African Sky: Women’s Struggles in Zimbabwe

… Mugabe has dominated Zimbabwean politics since 1980, having come to power on a wave of popular support developed during … (WOZA). The acronym, WOZA, is also an Ndebele word meaning "come forward." The group was founded "to press for solutions … representatives. Still, the British colonial regime offered some degree of "emancipation" for women by outlawing child …
Troops of the French 2nd Armored Division parade down the Champs-Élysées on 26 August 1944

The Liberation of Paris

… four years of Nazi occupation. Following a week of guerilla combat between Resistance fighters and the occupying German … Dietrich von Choltitz, the German military governor and commander of the city’s German garrison, formally … transport from the Drancy detention camp, August 1941. For some, liberation meant a reckoning. The German occupation of …

The Hajj and Europe

… safety, and how much states should subsidize the ritual—is complicated. In many countries, demand for hajj visas … Muslim immigration to Western Europe and the fall of communism in the east have caused Europe’s Muslim … as a spreader of cholera and other infectious diseases, some suggested banning the hajj. This was especially true …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … a military body led by General Johnson Aguysi Ironsi, the Commander of the Nigerian Army, who was also Igbo. The … ending civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia, albeit with some tactical errors. Nigerians and Africans can, therefore, …
Print depicting the USS Olympia firing on the Spanish fleet during the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

Top Ten Origins: Puerto Rico and the United States

… 2018, President Donald Trump made a set of disparaging comments about Puerto Rico. They underscored just how little many Americans understand about the value and complexity of the relationship between the 50 states and … pollution of the base activities, resulting in lawsuits in some cases. 9. Barack Obama Has a Statue in Puerto Rico A …

The Dominican Republic and the United States: A Baseball History

… Over the past century, baseball has become a truly global game. The sport debuted at the Olympics … Este's stadium. Image by churl. But nowhere has baseball become more significant than in the Dominican Republic. In … more broadly, was now recognized as a producer of talent by some teams: The Giants had the first serious scouting …
Happy 2nd Lieutenant William Robertson and Lt. Alexander Sylvashko, Soviet Army, shown in front of sign [East Meets West] symbolizing the historic meeting of the Soviet and American Armies, near Torgau, Germany, 1945.

Top Ten Origins: The Best Moments in U.S.-Russian Relations

… many friendly moments as well. These constructive episodes complicate a history that is often painted as invariably antagonistic. Keeping this complexity in mind, here are ten of the better moments in … hit song Leningrad . As U.S.-Russian relations enter what some fear to be a “ new Cold War ,” Joel decided to produce …
Plate of enchiladas at a Mexican restaurant.

Mexican Food in the United States

… Powder  The food tradition of the American Southwest has come about through various populations’ contributions over … now-patented Eagle Chili Powder two years later in 1896.  Companies such as Gebhardt’s and Walker’s Austex Chile … cooking liquid, which is also served on the side as consommé for dipping.  High consumer demand has prompted many …

Learning to Love the Nuclear Pariah: From China to North Korea

… An estimate compiled by the nation’s intelligence services reaches the … foreshadowing how the United States and the international community has treated those in pursuit of the ultimate … Soviet Union to rush to the nuclear defense of its troublesome ally. A Chinese stamp commemorating the signing of the …