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Zimbabwe Flag against a blue sky

Colonial Land Injustices in Post-Independence Zimbabwe

… from British colonialism on April 18, 1980. The nation commemorates this political milestone annually, with the … project. The Pioneer Column, a unit of British soldiers and settlers, administered the occupation of … First Matebele War) of 1893. However, their efforts were futile due to the superiority of colonial weaponry coupled …
Emergency servicemen and volunteers remove rubble and demine territory after Russian shelling, Kyiv, Oblast, 2022.

Ukrainian Architecture at War

… Derzhprom building on Kharkiv’s Freedom Square is the most complete example of constructivist architecture in the world … was the largest single structure in the world when it was completed in 1928. To complete the project in a speedy two … is already planning a series of public lectures and workshops on rebuilding, trying to learn from international …
The 1999 impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton, Chief Justice William Rehnquist presiding

How Presidential Power Became Untouchable

… or the Republican who aspires to succeed him. If so, the outcome will reinforce conclusions previously drawn from the … the conduct of national security policy. That legacy deeply compromises our constitutional system. Lessons drawn from … articles of impeachment in 1974, the House Judiciary Committee could well have included these acts as …
Caricature of President Nixon in 1970.

Patrick J. Buchanan: a Populist, Not a Conservative

… his party's $12.6 million, thanks to the Federal Election Commission, which ruled in a recent 5-1 decision that … In the late 19th century, Republicans in Congress, such as future president William McKinley, led the charge for higher … in response to economic crises. George Wallace found an audience in a country worried by inflation and economic …
Destruction in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake.

Another Pearl Harbor? Not by a Longshot

… Still, some have tried. The most irresistible historical comparison is to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on … victory. Few Americans in 2001 can expect a similar outcome. When considering sheer carnage, some might be tempted … in San Francisco claimed an equal number of victims. These comparisons end with the numbers, however, because unlike …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This … done. Clinton will seem like an activist president without committing himself to very much. And the Tibetans? In … religion and would just as soon wait for the Dalai Lama to die. Meanwhile, its members encourage the migration of …
Clarence Thomas

Top Ten Origins: Controversial SCOTUS Nominees

… John Marshall’s seat, he was able at long last to overcome the strong objection of the Whigs during his third, and … full Senate ultimately confirmed him, the Senate Judiciary Committee’s initial rejection and strong opposition to his … hearing, which set the precedent for nominee attendance at future hearings. He was confirmed 47-22.   5. The Judicial …
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum with a sign announcing the 70th anniversary ceremony.

A Postcard from Hiroshima

… of the bombing and was able to witness how the Japanese commemorate these tragic events. Hiroshima Peace Memorial … so severely that they had little skin left on their bodies. Several cried out for water, though when she fetched one man a cup of water, he died soon after drinking it. With buildings destroyed and …
San Francisco earthquake 1906

San Francisco 1906 and Katrina 2005: The Increasing Costs of Unpreparedness

… that followed the earthquake wiping out its business and commercial districts. Still the scope of the two disasters is comparable. The number of residents displaced by nature's … happen is great, such safeguards cost pennies on the dollar compared with the expense of a total rebuild after a …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… was the result of a decades-long global program involving complex geopolitical cooperation, human ingenuity, and … States and the Soviet Union worked together towards a common purpose: combating smallpox in 43 countries with a … she was diagnosed with  variola major on August 20; she died on September 11 and became smallpox’s final victim.  In …
Mr. Professor by Joan Carlsson, Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0

Needed: A New Deal for Academics

… on faculty hires. Suddenly, new Ph.D.s found themselves competing with a hundred or even a thousand other candidates … despondent souls at any academic conference, squirming uncomfortably in their suits and waiting — always waiting for … demand will shoot up. Perhaps so, sometime in the hazy future. Right now, though, our new cadre of Ph.D.s need jobs …
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… spread to the Spanish conflict. Robles went to his death a committed Stalinist, but to shroud the reality of the … of his political charisma nurtured the roots of his future conservatism. The book is not primarily about the … a lethal wound. Dos Passos lived until 1970, but his art died in 1937. Koch's book is light on the history of the …
Zaporizhians by Józef Brandt, unknown date.

The Cossacks, Ukraine’s Paradigmatic Warriors

… has proven itself mighty and tenacious to an international community that may have previously thought them quiet and … and fight to maintain sovereignty. The term Cossack comes from a Turkish word meaning “free man.” Their origins … whose decisions changed the course of the Cossacks’ future.  Khmelnytsky led an uprising against the …
100 and 10 US dollars banknotes.

Inflation — Fighting the Last War

… party favorite and a new member of the Congressional Super Committee, wrote an op-ed in which he said that “excessive … a historical moment — the 1970s — but did not predict the future very well.  As often happens, economic theory turned …
Sister Rosetta Tharpe

The Mother of Rock and Roll

… disc jockey Alan Freed crowing “That’s Bill Haley and the Comets rockin’ and rollin’ you with ‘Shake, Rattle and … even of sexuality. Tharpe’s career was cut short when she died of complications from diabetes in 1973, at the age of … packed Griffith Stadium were mostly middle-aged church ladies, not the screaming teeny-boppers who would fill Shea …
Ita Ford and Dorothy Kazel, two of the murdered women of El Salvador

The Murdered Churchwomen in El Salvador

… believed that anyone who opposed the military regime was a communist, including religious figures. This slogan, … in countries like El Salvador. In 1968, Latin American Bishops gathered in Medellín, Colombia to establish a doctrine … nuns based on their dress code. On December 4, their bodies were found in shallow graves. They had been raped and …
Medical examination photo of Gordon showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful tool in the abolitionist movement.

Can Reparations Heal the Wounds of Slavery?

… elsewhere indicate that the slavery lawsuit could become an invaluable tool for bridging the racial divide in … system, and perhaps even reaches the stage of exploring remedies, public discussion is likely to provide momentum for a … Yet an agreement that would allocate funds for housing subsidies, health care and education opportunities might be …
A view of the West Bank city of Bethlehem.

A Dawn of Peace in Bethlehem?

… relations in the region. By 2001, Christmas had become a casualty of Israeli-Palestinian violence. Israel … President Yasser Arafat, a Muslim, from traveling from his compound in Ramallah across Israel in order to be present at … 21 hotels in the area were empty. The Bethlehem Hotel, accommodating mainly journalists and Palestinian Authority …
Monti's parents receive his Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama during a ceremony in the White House, September 17, 2009.

Leave the Medal of Honor Alone!

… the department to upgrade other decorations that soldiers have received in action to the Medal of Honor. They … whether there is an inadvertent subjective bias amongst commanders that has contributed to the low numbers of awards … only about the present or the past; it is also about the future and how succeeding generations will look back upon …
Portrait of James Madison.

The Hidden Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform

… discussion of issues over party politics but make political compromise even more difficult than it is today. In 1787, … ratified as the law of the land, he argued that competition among many interest groups was the genius of the … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Last Supper By Simon Ushakov, 1685

Reverence and Relics: The Holy Dead in the Pre-Modern Christian World

Review of Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation, by Robert Bartlett (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013)
… were an obvious denominational marker. “Part Two: Dynamics” comprises the bulk of the book. In chapters five through … of some pilgrims were not strictly spiritual, and he compares the practice with modern tourism. In chapter … churches, towns, and individuals over the course of the medieval period. Two chapters on the imagery and literature …
The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks book cover.

The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain

Review of The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006)
… sex, drugs, and financial and electoral manipulation have become mainstays in political reportage. From Watergate to … thoroughly and a few others not defined at all. A general audience, not familiar with historical terms from the British … scandal, his evaluation of both the past and present becomes all the more scathing and amps up the wattage on an …
A bus that has been blown up by terrorists

A Who’s Who of Jihadi Terrorism in Europe

Review of Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History, by Petter Nesser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… of Charlie Hebdo in 2015. Looking at specific case studies of terrorist cells and associated acts of terrorism , … France by connecting these jihadist veterans with foot-soldiers drafted from ethnic-Algerian street gangs in France. … European cells in Europe and established its own cells commanded directly by leaders in Afghanistan. Despite being …