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The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… 26 of 32 Irish counties received considerable, albeit not complete, independence. The following day, however, six … identify with the United Kingdom and staked their political future on the preservation of the Union. In political terms, … Party introduced the possibility of Home Rule as a way of compromising on the so-called Irish question. Home Rule …
Charles E. Wilson being sworn in

Beyond Civil Rights

… Board of the President’s Initiative on Race in June, commentators greeted the news with low expectations. Fifty … “Electric Charlie” Wilson of General Electric to chair his Committee on Civil Rights, few people expected much from his committee or from the President, a lame-duck, border-state …
Cover of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North by Thomas J. Sugrue.

Movement North

Review of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, by Thomas J. Sugrue (New York: Random House, 2008)
… and Martha Biondi have published important case studies on civil rights in the urban North, Sugrue offers the … never passive victims.  From the very beginning of black community development in the North, African Americans fought … to anti-colonial struggles around the world.  With the coming of the Cold War, McCarthyism temporarily quieted the …
Count Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat aboard his Jeantaud electric car, 1899.

The Historical Dominance of the Electric Car

On December 18, 1898, the Jeantaud electric vehicle set the world’s first automotive land speed record of 63.13 km/hr (39.2 mph) over the course of a single kilometer.
… single kilometer. Although the only electric vehicle at the competition, the Jeantaud handily beat its gasoline-powered … Road to Mass EV Adoption: Three Barriers To a Sustainable Future” Forbes Technology Council (August 30, 2023) … the-road-to-mass-ev-adoption-three-barriers-to-a-sustainable-future/?sh=3aaaef712293   As accessed 27 November 2023. …
Photo of a nuclear explosion.

The Dawn of the Second Cold War

… But in the Second Cold War, the United States will face incomprehensible foes that cannot be counted on to respond as … 2007 launch would have particular historical resonance, coming 50 years after the Soviet Union sent up the world's … science down, it will replace the old Soviet Union as the Communist nation with the capability to destroy U.S. cities …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… UN weapons inspectors be given months or even a year to complete further investigations in that country, President … early 1970s, two or more years after the escalation of U.S. combat in Vietnam. Protest movements took time to gain … 14 gave the Bush Administration hints of a troublesome future. Critics of the Administration’s policy coordinated …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… spirit and with a large gesture invite an enemy to become an angel without further preparation or a flying … in vodka, brandy and other fire waters with the concomitant excitement of thrusting an opponent through the … the two unfortunate royal advisors who were invited to become angels that afternoon “without further preparation or a …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … remaining two examine the interconnections among these bodies of water after 1492. This organization keeps the book’s … a crucial role throughout this book. For instance, the medieval kingdom of Sri Vijaya in Sumatra thrived because its …
On the first day of the uprising, protesters assembled around the fountain outside the Jeollanam-do Provincial Office, a site that would become central to the struggle against military oppression. Courtesy of the 5.18 Foundation.

Gwangju Isn’t Over

… as a “city of peace and human rights,” emphasizing the community’s legacy of peaceful organization and solidarity, … the event continues to resist any singular description. Its complexity is reflected in the many names used to describe … through major streaming platforms for international audiences.  Works like these reenact “what happened” and draw …
Cover of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile by Helen Rappaport.

Conspirator: Lenin in Exile

Review of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, by Helen Rappaport (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2010)
… and which the young Lenin read five times (14).  Lenin's commitment to activism strengthened in college, first at … of St. Petersburg, where he, like many of his peers, studied Marx, finding the theory to be a "sound and scientific" … Lenin as a fanatic, Rappaport provides a context for his commitment.  The second theme which Rappaport explores is …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)
… was upgrading the recent outbreak of H1N1 influenza, more commonly known as "swine flu," to a global pandemic. … young adults, those between 18 and 40, were most likely to die of influenza. The greatest strength of this book is the … of people off work. They evoke the frightening scenes of bodies stacked in morgues. They also discuss changes in …
Hurricane Elena photographed from Space Shuttle Discovery, September 1, 1985

Rough Weather Ahead

Review of Sea of Storms: A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina, by Stuart B. Schwartz (Princeton University Press, 2015)
… . Young Hamilton survived this encounter and went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United …
U.S. Marines holding Sandino's Flag - Nicaragua 1932.

The Costs of Intervention

… Sandino was still at large, but the national guard had come under the control of Anastasio Somoza. Somoza then used … United States got what it wanted in the short run – an anti-communist regime – but the oppressiveness of the Somoza clan laid the basis for future turmoil. The United States and NATO have few good …

Erasing Indigenous History, Then and Now

… Santorum, April 2021 Former Pennsylvania senator (and CNN commentator) Rick Santorum made those comments at a conservative student organization-hosted … focused once or perhaps twice a year during our social studies classes. Samoset entering the Plymouth settlement in …
Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs book cover.

Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe

Review of Strangers Nowhere in the World: The Rise of Cosmopolitanism in Early Modern Europe , by Margaret Jacobs (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006)
… the history of science, Jacob offers a series of case studies looking at Avignon, Alchemy, early stock markets, … Republicans. This allows her to easily skim over the often complicated inter-relations between politics, science, and … of the same paths without much reference to the previous studies that have mapped out the connection between religion, …
Administrative building in the Hague in 1939.

First World War of the Twenty-First Century?

… Now the question again surfaces: will the international community be able to avoid the slide toward war? It remains … these questions. Multinational corporations and worldwide communications, among other things, have created a global … Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow for strategic studies at The Nixon Center in Washington and a writer for the …
Judiciary Chairman Patrick Leahy meeting with Kagan.

What’s Wrong With Kagan’s Confirmation Hearings

… confirmation hearings are underway in the Senate Judiciary Committee, a rite of passage for Supreme Court nominees. … sound reasons why any vetting of court nominees should become more limited and less political. Senators should … to answer questions about her opinions on issues likely to come before the court. The Founding Fathers did not think …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, which abuts … and in territories on the West Bank of the Jordan River completed local elections under the supervision of … building blocks toward peace which suggest better days to come in the region. Dr. Jonathan Goldstein is a professor of …
Senator Barack Obama

Memorandum to Sen. Obama: How to Run

… to get voters registered. He realized that if he were to become the city’s first African American elected mayor he … demonstrates the distance that the people of Chicago have come since Washington’s election. Like it or not, though, …
Portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s Hope Imprisoned

… in southeast Asia, fully hopeful of joining the world community of free and independent nations. Burma is little … intervening years, Burma’s hope for freedom has been embodied in that brave woman. Thinking that more than a decade … in southeast Asia, Burma’s $1,200 per capita annual income is now a fifth of that of neighboring Thailand, below …
Mather Brown's portrait of Thomas Jefferson.

Joe McCarthy Rides Again

… and now rests in Sen. Joe Lieberman's Homeland Security Committee. Swift Senate passage appears certain. Not since … guaranteed rights. The late historian Henry Steele Commager, denouncing President John Adams' suppression of … will face a native brand of terrorism in the immediate future and offers a plan to deal with ideologically based …
A scene from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Remembering '56: The Hungarian Revolution

… ill-fated revolution that ended with the re-imposition of Communist rule and the flight of some 200,000 Hungarians to … been stationed in Hungary since 1944. Since his Hungarian Communist Party took power in 1948, Rákosi had presided over … troops supported by Hungarian security forces. Red Army soldiers and other emblems of Soviet repression were among the …