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Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon walking on White House grounds.

Don’t Believe “Peace Is at Hand”

… Hanoi's agreement to free elections in the South. Alone with Kissinger, Nixon acknowledged on tape, "South … it. Halfway through his first term, he secretly decided to complete American troop withdrawals around election time. His stalling postponed the South's collapse until it was too late for voters …
Monti's parents receive his Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama during a ceremony in the White House, September 17, 2009.

Leave the Medal of Honor Alone!

… the department to upgrade other decorations that soldiers have received in action to the Medal of Honor. They … whether there is an inadvertent subjective bias amongst commanders that has contributed to the low numbers of awards … bestowed and the reasons why.   The United States is not alone in keeping the integrity of its highest combat …
Taxation without Representation, Suffrage Collection.

Death, Taxes, and the American Founders

… the need for savings versus the need for resources for the common good.  For many of today's issues — such as Internet … entire estate of a person convicted of treason.  They reasoned that the property even of citizens who had committed … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… work begun some 30 years earlier by the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR) of the League of Nations . Created on June 27, 1921, the position of High Commissioner was subsequently offered to the Norwegian Arctic … Milestones …
Photo of "Fighting Bob" La Follette

Lessons for the Nader Camp: ‘Fighting Bob’ La Follette in 1924

… in a sea of political corruption, a caring man genuinely committed to protecting consumers, promoting peace and … this vote will be a real blow against corruption and complacency and a powerful statement for the environment and … flirtation with the Nader candidacy will not, in the end, supercede the imperative of defeating the Republicans. …
This postcard depicts a recreation of the Arbella, the ship that carried John Winthrop and his fellow Puritans to present-day Massachusetts.

From Forgotten Phrase to American Myth

Review of As a City on a Hill: The Story of America’s Most Famous Lay Sermon , by Daniel T. Rodgers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018)
… seemed to me, foreshadows what the United States would become more than the Puritan outpost of Boston. After all, … greatest law-giver the world has produced.” He never mentioned Winthrop. Jefferson was not alone among the Founders who ignored, or simply did not know, …
A military reservist, called to service in the wake of the disaster, involved in the decontamination process.

Chernobyl and the Cost of Lies

… follows suit, lying as much to themselves as to everyone else. The historical record supports the series’ … the explosion. A plant employee at work, mid-1980s. In any complex system, accidents are inevitable, but the Soviet … ends with an epilogue noting that, while the official death toll remains 31, other estimates have ranged from 4,000 to …
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… administration and the North Korean regime and an errant incoming missile alert in Hawaii have focused America’s … could injure people. The danger of radiation was never mentioned. While President Harry Truman supported an effort to … thermonuclear bomb detonated on Bikini Atoll. The blast, code-named Castle Bravo, unleashed a force …
An image showing slaves working on a plantation on the island of Antigua in the early 1800s.

After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807

Review of After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807, by Marika Sherwood (I.B. Tauris, 2007)
… slave trade. While the anniversary passed without too much comment in the United States, it was commemorated widely in … in the Americas. Finally in 1807, thanks to the impassioned efforts of the Anti-Slavery Society, the British … Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, is also a founding member of the Black & Asian Studies …
Barry Goldwater in 1964.

The History of the “Right Wing Conspiracy”

… They argue that the Monica Lewinsky matter would never have come up save for the lawsuit filed by Paula Jones. Conservative donors in part funded the suit, they … United States has always contained a radical fringe. Its opponents have often used this charge against it. After 1933, …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United … unequal. It also means that curriculums vary greatly from one school building to the next. 5. Educational reformers … as when the National Endowment for the Humanities commissioned UCLA historians to develop a new curriculum for grades …
A Marine Corps M1 Abrams tank patrols a Baghdad street after its fall in 2003 during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Who Will Pay for Iraq and When?

… of the Iraq war is no surprise: historically, wars cost money, lots of it. In the past, paying for wars has often … of taxing citizens. Lotteries, an essential source of income for 42 states today, helped pay for the Revolutionary … to 91 percent. Excess-profits taxes brought in even more money, as did sales of savings bonds. And those were “good” …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… century, officials sometimes demonstrated a broad commitment to republican and democratic principles. For … policymakers’ professions of freedom and democracy were expedients to cover instances in which they desired — or … American neighbors will be dissatisfied. The way U.S. money, pop cultural exports, and the like shaped Latin …
The Favorites of Emperor Honorius by John William Waterhouse depicts the emperor's court in the 5th century CE.

Financing Salvation in Late Antiquity

Review of The Ransom of the Soul: Afterlife and Wealth in Early Western Christianity, by Peter Brown (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2015.)
… and the dead and how they understood the correct use of money as being instrumental in achieving salvation. Rather … of the living, and that the property of the church had come to be thought of as being held as a trust with which to … Western Christianity.  This, in my opinion, impedes his audience from considering the true centrality of the issues of …
illustration of Prince George IV

Unspoken Anxiety or Vivid Metaphor?

Review of Itch, Clap, Pox: Venereal Disease in the Eighteenth-Century Imagination, by Noelle Gallagher (New Haven: Yale, 2019)
… (syphilis), artists explored social phenomena including commercialization, globalization, gender, race, and class. … Gallagher describes how scarring from venereal disease was compared to battlefield wounds as marks of honor, and were … argument. William Hogarth's A Harlot's Progress, "Plate One" (1732) Furthermore, the sources on which Gallagher …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… strong army.”  Global knowledge also became a cornerstone of the Restoration. Half of the Meiji ruling elite … Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country … described . “It is our hope that Japan will serve as one of the best examples for developing countries to follow …
Graffiti reading "Ireland a Nation, Irish and Free"

The Provisional Irish Republican Army

… Catholic Republic of Ireland, an utterly unacceptable outcome. They therefore fiercely fought the civil rights … the six counties. Peaceful Catholic marches were met with stones, police batons, and water cannons. By August 1969, … take a seat, even if elected) in either of the electoral bodies that represented the two halves of the island: the …
Iraq by Raymond Bucko SJ on Flickr, cc by 2.0

Redeeming Honor — the South and Iraq

… behavior and ideals. That code fuels the enmity of our opponents throughout the Arab world. Yet Washington … hospitality shown to his relatives — with tacit American compliance. Or Osama bin Laden’s operatives could have been … from the former Confederacy. That withdrawal permitted one-party rule, an epidemic of lynchings, Jim Crow laws, …
Image of a large turkey on a postcard from the early 1900s.

The First “First Thanksgiving”

… for their living. We see it in the figures carved from stone and images painted or scribed on cave walls during … Thanksgiving.” For 136 years, Thanksgiving has been a day commemorated across America. It gives us a moment to recall … by the Plymouth Pilgrims and Indians rather than the one experienced by the St. Augustine Spaniards and Indians. …
Bust of Senator Robert La Follette in the Wisconsin State Capitol.

When Principle May Be the Best Policy

… the Democratic Party may self-destruct during the coming elections because it’s becoming softer on the war. … like those who have simply lost their moral compass. War opponents increasingly find themselves echoing the philosophy … in Iraq, is running against political newcomer and war opponent Philip Dunkelbarger. In the third district of La …