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Downstream view of Marco Polo Bridge by Thomas Child, 1877. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937)

… carved-stone lions, early twentieth-century East Asian history itself is segmented by events termed “incidents” … de Ven, eds. The Battle for China: Essays on the Military History of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945. Stanford: …

A Century of HIV

… scientists have dug into its past to determine the history of the disease. The archive of this history turned out to be two previously forgotten samples … was the virus they contracted. We now understand this pre-history of AIDS. Looking back, doctors can see that a small …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… with Kurds both inside and outside of its borders. This history forms an important part of Russia’s relationship … the newspaper Riya Taze (New Path) and several children’s books . The first Kurdish novel, written by Soviet Yazidi …
A displaced woman sits on a bed next to the remnants of her burnt house in Khor Abeche, South Darfur, 2014. UN Photo/Albert Gonzalez Farran, UNAMID

Sahelian Arabs and their Role in the Sudan War

… political dynamics of the war, we need to understand the history of these Arabs, who began to migrate to the Sahel in … well into the  post-Independence period of African history . The various countries struggle to control their …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… or sustained during the apartheid era. Understanding this history clarifies the situation in which South Africa finds … area in which South Africa has a profoundly complicated history. To undergird apartheid, white South Africans … unclean behavior. A ray of hope in South Africa’s recent history is its progress against HIV/AIDS . Thanks to …

America's Long-Suffering Mental Health System

… mental health care occupies a paradoxical place in the history of social welfare in the United States, where aid is … additional appropriations for mental health care. The long history of American approaches to mental illness should …

Beyond 'Tribes': Violence and Politics in Kenya

… ethnic communities, but all suffer from the common history of an economic situation created by colonialism and … of today's "tribes" are to be found in Kenya's colonial history. In Kenya, a British colony from about 1898 to 1962, … Kikuyu were not. It was an odd designation given the actual history of Maasai capitulation to the imposition of …

Making Sense of the 'Hermit Kingdom': North Korea in the Nuclear Age

… Juche These crises serve as revealing snapshots of the long history of U.S.-DPRK relations. By Western standards, the … of course not uncommon, but in Korea, a country with a long history of colonial occupation and resistance, a common … decades would be striking. A Pattern Emerges Tracing the history of DPRK-American relations based on the new records …
Raising a Flag over the Reichstag by Yevgeny Khaldei (1945).

The Living Ghosts of the Second World War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… War as a lens through which to view the world also has a history that extends from 1945 to the present. Because of … a presidential commission to prevent the “falsification” of history. In May 2014, two months after the Russian annexation of Crimea revealed Russia’s territorial ambitions in Ukraine , …
The Sofia Monument to the Soviet Army painted in the colors of the Ukrainian flag din support of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution.

World War II in Eastern Europe: Many Lands, Many Memories

… There was no accountability for the local perpetrators. History textbooks often omitted the total number of Jewish citizens … with younger generations, for whom even the Cold War is prehistory. … Maria Bucur … Features … World War II / WWII … …

The Long, Long Struggle for Women's Rights in Afghanistan

… The vacuum tubes in this remarkable piece of electronic history gradually warmed up and the picture slowly began to … this issue in its historical context and turn to the long history of Afghans' own efforts to improve women's rights … The struggle for women's rights in Afghanistan has a history that goes back into the nineteenth century—long …
Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick Book Cover.

Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War

Review of Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick (New York, Viking Press 2006)
… to a head in one of the bloodiest conflicts in American history, King Philip's War. Philip, also known as Metacom, … and its people is a well-written exploration of much of the history of Plymouth colony. This study, along with others, …
The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… of a Century of Anglo-Irish Politics (London: Profile Books, 2019) John Gibney, A Short History of Ireland 1500-2000 (New Haven: Yale University … (New York: Viking: 2006) Alvin Jackson, Home Rule: An Irish History 1800-2000 (Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, …
Taliban fighters patrol the streets of Kabul in August, 2021.

Who are the Taliban?

… the most powerful military coalition in modern history—has deepened the mystery. Over the past twenty years … victimhood was forged during a pivotal moment of Afghan history, the anti-Soviet jihad . A leftist coup in April … al-mu’minin ) on the model of rulers from early Islamic history. At a ceremony attended by hundreds of clerics at a …

Clash in the Caucasus: Georgia, Russia, and the Fate of South Ossetia

… conflict. At the same time, we must come to grips with the history of interethnic relations in Georgia. The history of Georgian-South Ossetian relations have largely … with Georgians and have often played leading roles in its history. The 2002 census listed 120 national minorities in …
Illustration of Packing Room in Opium Factory at Patna, India

The World of Opium: From “Free” to Illicit Trade

Review of Opium’s Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug Control , by Steffen Rimner (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… aspect of using a transnational framework to study world history is the acknowledgement that information, ideas, and …
June 4th, 2014, at Hong Kong’s Victoria Park (Photo by the author)

Remembering Tiananmen: The View from Hong Kong

… the Tiananmen student movement have long since entered textbooks in the West. June 4th, 2014, at Hong Kong’s Victoria … exile. Most prominent among them was the Peking University history student and leader Wang Dan (pictured left), who … Party’s unease with mourning reflects the tenuous state of history in China. Deaths from the Great Leap Forward famine …