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US Capitol, meeting place of Congress.

After Past Scandals, Real Reforms

… getting Congress to rein in lobbyists? Can any good really come out of congressional efforts to thwart corruption? The cynics say no. Yet democratic reforms have come out of past scandals. Many pessimists claim that reform … vice president. Indictments and convictions today are coming fast and furious. Gilded Age outrages mounted quickly …
Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… protests in Hong Kong that have directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been … November as the leader of the Politburo’s powerful Standing Committee. But we shouldn’t make too much of Jiang’s passing …
Rosie Castro with her sons, Joaquín, left, and Julián, April 23, 2006 (ZUMA Wire/San Antonio Express-News/Helen L. Montoya)

No Julian Castro without Mother Rosie Castro

… woman has held that position.   But Julian Castro did not become mayor on his own. He attributes his rise to the Chicano … activists held their own reunion in El Paso, Texas, to commemorate the 1972 national convention held in that city … by iconic leaders such as Reies Lopez Tijerina, Jose Angel Gutierrez, and Rudy Acuna. Women were also present. Emma …
Wall street and Broadway, New York City

A New Deal Prescription for Gordon Gekko

… resonated strongly in the 1980s, because they reminded audiences of the behavior of Ivan Boesky and other … investments broadly through risky buyouts of disparate companies. Often they stuffed their pockets with cash while … was the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which separated commercial and investment banking and restricted the use of …
Pledging his support, President George W. Bush talks via telephone to New York Governor George Pataki and New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Wilson and Bush: Unready Internationalists

… President Bush is presiding over what is fast becoming a foreign policy disaster. The war in Iraq is a … standing in an increasingly dangerous world. Pundits have compared Bush to Woodrow Wilson because of his championing … of democracy. A less flattering, but more insightful, comparison would emphasize they shared an initial lack of …
Cover of Apache Diaspora by Paul Conrad.

“Diaspora” as a Creative and Historical Force

Review of The Apache Diaspora: Four Centuries of Displacement and Survival, by Paul Conrad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… of “violence.” Pekka Hämäläinen made an argument that the Comanche past constituted an “empire.” Benjamin Madley, … one overarching Apache ‘tribe’ or nation.” Despite this complexity, the author sticks to this Euro-American … of scholarship typically based in African diasporic studies, Conrad’s use of the term highlights the long history …
Evo Morales in 2006.

Once More, Bolivians Seek Independence

… are only make things worse. America’s goals in Bolivia come down to two things: limiting the production of cocaine … elite. The target of the demonstrations, in which soldiers shot some 70 protesters, was a government plan to … national resources that will benefit the country. Bolivians compared the recent protests to the most famous rebellion in …
 A Chinese laboratory technician conducting tests on SARS.

Corona in Context: Lessons from the SARS Pandemic (2003)

… discovered since the mid-1960s (four of which just cause a common cold in humans). A microscopic image of SARS-CoV It … 2002- July 2003. While these numbers are miniscule in comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic, the mysterious nature … of Hanoi and who first identified the disease for the WHO, died of the disease on March 29. Though his death was …
Cover of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China by Dong Guoqiang and Andrew G. Walder.

The View from the Countryside

Review of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China, by Dong Guoqiang & Andrew G. Walder (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… According to official accounts from the Chinese Communist Party, “The ‘cultural revolution,’ which lasted … (1958—1962) and his fear that enemies in the Chinese Communist Party planned to place China back on the … is a short book, but it makes a sizable contribution to studies of the Cultural Revolution. Paradoxically, however, the …
Logo of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Time to End Deregulation

… the CEOs of transnational firms such as Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossings in our “deregulated” economy have … instituted when it established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1934. The Securities Exchange Act compelled publicly traded firms to provide listings of their …
Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne Book Cover

Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature

Review of Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne (Columbus: Ohio State University, 2005)
… to loosen his creativity and imagination. As we have come to know Fitzgerald the person, the chances are good … prohibition became the fulcrum of moral and civil disobedience by those who formerly considered themselves … were the era's cultural form of political civil disobedience; these actions infused prohibition with political …
Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill Final Vote.

True Bipartisanship Is Not Love and Kisses

… Fathers designed it to have, while working against true compromise. That’s bad not just for Democrats, but for … down to the possible. Madison’s genius was to make this commonsense principle work to the government’s advantage. … who’s fighting just as hard. The battle itself will produce compromise.   Today’s Republican leaders have learned the …
General George S. Patton waving to crowds in Los Angeles, California in 1945.

Pragmatic de-Baathification is Key to Rebuilding Iraq

… this policy on grounds of administrative convenience or expediency.” (This situation replicated itself in the communist states of eastern Europe; Vaclav Klaus, the first … Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow for strategic studies at The Nixon Center in Washington and a writer for the …
President George W. Bush delivers his remarks on the global war on terror during a visit Thursday, Sept. 7, 2006, to Atlanta

War and “The Law of Unintended Consequences”

… advocated by Secretary of State Colin Powell? Or will war come in the form of numerous military strikes that engage … as some of the president’s trigger-eager advisers recommend? We should hope for the former, because a massive … created chaos in Russia, and offered an opportunity for a communist minority to seize power and begin a nightmare of …
 A depiction of the burning of Louisa Mabree, a French midwife and convicted witch, in a cage filled with black cats

The Rise of Freethinkers

Review of The Decline of Magic: Britain in the Enlightenment , by Michael Hunter (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020)
… of magic. Belief in magic and magical occurrences was commonplace before the Reformation and persisted long after … Keith Thomas’ 1971 Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth- and … the Drummer of Tedworth, 1700. Chapters 4 and 6 are case studies that round out the book by focusing on popular beliefs …
Sputnik

Soviets Launch Sputnik, 1957

… of a satellite” to the world. Pravda put a distinctively communist spin on the news, arguing that “artificial … appeared) would be used for legitimate research and not for competition in what he called “an outer-space basketball … Sputnik’s launch came as a surprise to the world, it had become clear by the early 1950s that advanced rocketry and …
The Terra Cotta Warriors: Xi’an’s most famous attraction

A Postcard from Xi’an: Balancing Past and Future

… it’s a Daoist mountain to the east, a Buddhist reliquary complex to the west, or the tomb-speckled hillside to the … hot June afternoon, the coolness of the tomb is welcome relief from the Shaanxi sun. Murals inside the … began on what was to be the largest shopping mall complex in Xi’an. During initial excavation, however, …
American soldiers salute while in formation in 1977.

Time to Ask and Tell!

… the Department of War assumed that gays would make bad soldiers because of stereotypes of effeminacy. Military men caught committing sodomy faced courts-martial. During World War II, … therefore seen as security risks. Yet no gay American soldiers or civil servants ever revealed state secrets to keep …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

Spring Marches on Washington

… reputation by ordering his men to attack their former comrades in arms with tear gas and riot weapons and burn …
Valerie Plame in 2008.

A Dirty–and Deadly–Trick

… Office shenanigans. Presidents and their underlings have committed numerous immoral, illegal or dodgy acts. They’ve … stocks for supporting federal land giveaways to railroad companies in 1873. Warren G. Harding’s secretary of the … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… luxury and self-indulgence with the stern defender of the common man we know from history textbooks. As chief … parlor. He took down the second story and added a dome to complete the perfectly proportioned facade that looks out at … sacrificing what he called “the pursuit of happiness,” embodied in nothing so much as our national pursuit of real …
Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … opportunism . . . are being brought to heel by the pincer combination of shared values and facts on the ground” ( … Frequent exhortations to “Follow the Science” and its common variation, “Trust the Science,” became not rallying …
school girls in class - Studying biology and physics from English textbooks presents challenges in understanding the material but is necessary because their state examinations will be in English.

A Postcard from Pakistan: Girls Education in Gilgit-Baltistan

… Northern Pakistan to trek in the shadows of some of the tallest mountains on earth. As a launching pad to the Nanga … of only 0.75 years of schooling during their lifetime as compared to rural boys who receive 10.76 years. Further, … language, biology, English, math, physics, and Islamic studies. When I walked into their classrooms, they were shy to …
Escobar: Paradise Lost, directed by Andrea Di Stefano

2/6/2015: At the Movies: Escobar

… Nick and Maria decided they must flee from Escobar’s soldiers. Entrance to Hacienda Napoles, the main Escobar compound, with a gate adorned with Escobar's first smuggling … point out his tactics of assassination, employing child soldiers, and bankrolling local officials. Painted Portrait of …