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Cover of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire by Giusto Traina.

The End of the World as They Knew It

Review of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire, by Giusto Traina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xix, 203. Trans. by Allan Cameron)
… forces and a native of Thrace, was sent from Antioch, the Syrian capital, on a diplomatic mission. Traina argues … his diplomatic mission, he was entrusted with escorting the Syrian monk Nestorius to Constantinople. The emperor there, … the eastern and Aegean elements of his empire. From Syria, Flavius and Nestorius took the so-called pilgrim's …
Cover of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire by Taner Akçam

The Crime That Dare Not Speak Its Name

Review of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, by Taner Akçam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… forced to resettle by foot to the deserts of modern-day Syria and Iraq. Without supplies, the process turned into … details how, for those deportees who made the journey to Syria, life was anything but pleasant. Many had difficulties … a campaign of ethnic cleansing designed to rid northern Syria of the Armenians. On the orders of Talat Pasha, …
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915. Rather than arguing that the Genocide was … or escaped from Eastern Anatolia find refuge in Aleppo, Syria. But the motivations for murder were not spontaneously …
Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… by gender and by nationality: lines for men and women, and Syrians/Iraqis and Afghans. A refugee from each group gave … basis working at the Stone House came from Afghanistan , Syria , or Iraq . This anecdotal experience tracks with the … members ranged in age from elderly men wearing traditional Syrian garb, to infants (born in the camp itself) whose …

A Century of Sanctions

… leaders, and targeted officials in Cuba , Russia , and Syria . His administration has added more than 1,000 … in October 2019, responding to Turkish threats against Syrian Kurds . To an unprecedented degree, severing … and awareness across America in response to Armenian and Assyrian genocides during World War I ( right ). The British …
Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, leaving the country after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, 1922

The Long End of the Ottoman Empire

… and most of its Arab provinces—comprising contemporary  Syria ,  Iraq , Jordan,  Israel , and  Palestine —having … Empire certain areas comprising, for example, Palestine, Syria, the Arab countries to the east of Palestine and Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Cilicia, and perhaps additional …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

… poor precipitation, such as the Mediterranean basin and Syria, in order to ensure sufficient water for irrigation of … its nearby cousin, the Prosperina dam. The Lake Homs Dam in Syria, built around the same time, continues to supply …
Map of the Gaza Strip in May 2005, a few months prior to the Israeli withdrawal. The major settlement blocs were the blue-shaded regions of this map.

Threads of Hope Glimmer in the Middle East

… In 2009 it remains a prime Israeli tourist destination.   Syria and Israel enjoy a frontier that has been casualty-free since l973. The Israeli-Syrian Disengagement Agreement, brokered in 1974 by Richard … between Arab states. During this past year, indirect Syrian-Israeli negotiations have been brokered, primarily by …
From the 2011 UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, South Africa.

Top Ten Origins: Climate Change

… planet. 10. The Complex Consequences of Climate Change The Syrian civil war, now in its fifth year, has devastated the … have pointed to global warming and severe droughts in Syria and around the world as a contributing factor in the 2011 Arab Spring and  Syrian civil war . The same has been said of the fighting in …
Cover of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend by Richard Stoneman.

Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend

Review of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, by Richard Stoneman (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2008)
… written in Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, German, French, and many other languages … a man as great as Alexander, especially in the Arabic and Syriac traditions, but also the Christian and Jewish. …
United States soldier distributes food aid to a Afghanistan province

Food for Peace Must Remain an American Priority

… have fled, with over a million of these refugees landing in Syria. According to the World Food Programme director, … meet their basic food needs and social support systems in Syria are being overstretched." Food aid to developing …
Ukrainian refugees sheltering beneath a bridge in Kyiv, March 5, 2022.

“The Tragedy Has Never Left Us.” On the War in Ukraine

… recently in Chechnya in the 1990s or, more recently, in Syria , like in the Battle of Aleppo (2012-2016). The … of an increasingly weak GDP); and battlefield experience in Syria since 2015 that, while permitting tests of modern … is the case for many people. Russian planes are bombing Syria. A time full of hope has been replaced by a time of …

Baptized in the Jordan: Restoring a Holy River

… regulation and diversion works in Israel, Jordan, and Syria. By 2009, the Lower Jordan River’s historic annual … south to the Negev – prevented Jordanian, Lebanese, and Syrian attempts to develop the river, and entirely barred Palestinians from accessing it. Meanwhile Syria , which lost access to the Upper Jordan River and Lake …
Israeli troops during the battle for the Sinai

The Suez Crisis (1956)

… reports that Soviet forces were concentrating in Syria for intervention in Egypt alarmed U.S. officials, who … guided U.S. policy toward political crises in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon in 1957 and it provided the foundation …
Turkish soldiers standing over skeletal remains during Armenian Genocide

Armenians, Turks, and the Genocide Question

… all the time, and they were forced to move to some parts of Syria and Lebanon. And the intention wasn't to annihilate … suicide, and eventually, even when the people reach the Syrian desert, there were additional massacres going into …
Protestors against the U.S. Trump administration voice their commitment to the world's dispossessed.

The Politics of Refugee Aid in America’s “Short Century”

Review of Benevolent Empire: U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World's Dispossessed , by Stephen R. Porter Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
… Middle Eastern countries and the temporary suspension of Syrian refugee programs—seem to confirm that the United …
Dome of the Rock

Religions of the Middle East

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
… Islamist Groups in Egypt ” By Elizabeth Perego 4.      “Syria’s Islamic Movement and the 2011-2012 Uprising” By Fred …
Cover image of ibook - ruins in the Middle East

Middle Eastern Politics & Culture: Today & Yesterday

… secular and religious power battles in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. And the book … Egypt A Fresh Start for Pakistan? Alawites and the Fate of Syria Syria's Islamic Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising From Gaza …
The Great Mosque of Djenne. This image illustrates the influence of Islam in the region and the building style of the region. Its origins are unknown but it shows the power of the emperors who built this structure that still stands today.

A New View of West African Empires

Review of African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa, by Michael A. Gomez (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018)
… African slavery related to Islamic states such as Egypt and Syria, which were the major purchasers of West African …
A tank destroyed during Operation Iraqi Freedom

Why We Should Leave Iraq Now

… Instead, he picked the Sunni Faisal bin Hussein, king of Syria and a supporter of the British, to be Iraq’s …