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The South Korean flag in Seoul, South Korea.

The Impeachment of Roh Moo-hyun and the Patterns of South Korean Politics

… different parties have gained the 20 seats necessary to become a “negotiation group”—a parliamentary caucus that holds … towards the president or the party leader, are the most common cause of this cycle of division and integration.  … its illegality, nor its decriminalization, rose to become animating factors for any party.  Lately, issues of …
Official portrait of President Gerald R. Ford (February 25, 1976).

Will Vindication Elude Ford?

… evening, his well-deserved vindication will probably never come. Thrust into a difficult situation — one he handled … Nixon would not be prosecuted for any crimes he might have committed. Forever afterward, Ford was dogged by charges … for Ford’s reputation to rebound. The rebound has never come. Invariably, in every poll and book and study, he is …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players in national politics. The fallout … emotional support of Virginia’s ban on cross-burning. The incoming governor of Georgia meanwhile ponders whether to … brought national largesse to Mississippi. In doing so, he compromised his own supposed aversion to the federal …

The Unkept Promise of Nuclear Power

… Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of plutonium, visited Richland, Washington, and the adjacent Hanford Nuclear … attends Operation Plumbbob as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1968 (left). The nuclear reactors at the Hanford … to celebrate the bomb. As Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) throughout the 1960s, he was perhaps the …
The Beatles arrive in 1964 to meet their new fans in America.

50 Years Ago: the Beatles, Rock, and Race in America

… would help define American life for generations to come. In 1964, the relatively new musical genre of rock and … in race music and began to provide more of these records to complement the demand. Radio DJs like Alan Freed started … the opinions of the record executive, Mitch Miller, who complained in 1958, “Much of the juvenile stuff pumped over …
Cover of Guantánamo, USA The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost by Stephen Irving Max Schwab.

Guantanamo For Beginners

Review of Guantanamo, USA: The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost, by Stephen Irving Max Schwab (University Press of Kansas, 2009)
… Guantanamo Bay has become one the most infamous places on earth.  In the United … Irving Max Schwab seeks to uncover and give voice to the complete history of the installation that is largely absent … Democratic, supported strengthening the navy.  Government officials recognized the importance of naval bases in …
Dmitri Karakozov before his execution, graphite drawing by Ilya Repin in 1866

Crime and Punishment 150 Years Later

… it was being spoken about by fans of literature, who often complained about the stifling power of the novel and the … of pawnbroker Alyona Ivanovna and her sister Lizaveta committed by ex-student Rodion Raskolnikov were “the purest … Punishment was published, a student by the name of Danilov committed a similar crime: killing a moneylender and his …
Statue of Sancho Panza in Madrid, Spain

Kindred Spirits: Shakespeare and Cervantes in Life and Death

… the rights of his novel to a printer. He was buried in a common grave. Most profoundly, our modern sensibility is … of the Bible, the  Iliad  and  Odyssey , the  Divine Comedy  and the  Canterbury Tales —didn’t explore our inner … There will be countless festivities around the world to commemorate 400 years since their deaths. Shakespeare’s …
Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger, by Bruce Kuklick book cover.

Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger

Review of Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger, by Bruce Kuklick (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006)
… World War. After listening to his story, I asked him to compare what he knew of Vietnam to his own experiences. His … than generals." This view, which is representative of comments made by other veterans I interviewed, does not seem … whose theories competed for the attention of elected officials. Thriving in what Elaine Tyler May has called "the …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… to the nation he coined the phrase "military-industrial complex." Eisenhower used that address to issue a warning to … spirit as well. In this book, Koistinen explains how that complex (he abbreviates it MIC) came to be and how it has … to which many of the nation's high-tech and aerospace companies exist on Department of Defense contracts. The next …
From left to right, Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI Director Robert Mueller in 2001.

Attorneys General Who Cry Wolf

… to worse. Newscasters spin doomsday scenarios. So do public officials. But should Attorney General John Ashcroft be … of immigrants were rounded up on vague suspicion of communist or anarchist sympathies. Ashcroft and his aides have indicated, commendably, that they want to avoid the civil liberties …
A view of the West Bank city of Bethlehem.

A Dawn of Peace in Bethlehem?

… relations in the region. By 2001, Christmas had become a casualty of Israeli-Palestinian violence. Israel … accommodating mainly journalists and Palestinian Authority officials, reached 50 percent capacity on December 24, … have flourished. In 2003, over 300,000 Israeli tourists visited the Turkish resort of Antalya. In 2005, despite a …
Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, October 1941

Pearl Harbor

… little surprise to any knowledgeable government or military official from either nation. Joseph Grew, the American … the bay, devoid of protective torpedo nets, without combat watches on duty, and lacking accessible ammunition, … ground based anti-aircraft fire or airborne fighters, was completely ineffectual. All told the Japanese lost …
UN forces crossing the 38th Parallel in 1950.

Why We Need to Rearm Iraq

… Iraq last year, it disbanded the Iraqi army. But U.S. officials soon recognized this was a mistake and now believe … by hostile states or require an open-ended U.S. military commitment to Iraq. In short, this issue is of crucial … in the Middle East. It will also determine the future commitment of the United States to Iraq. Maj. Gen. Paul …
Caster Semenya at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Woman, Man, Neither? The Predicament of a World-Class Runner

… World Track Championships in Berlin last month, has been unofficially declared intersexed. If she is, it means that she … go either way. All it took was the parents’ unwavering commitment toward raising either a boy or a girl, and this … distinguishable. As some declare Semenya too manly to compete, for example, a popular South African magazine …
Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Soviet Ukraine in a Nutshell

… of violence and instability until 1922. Multiple communities of former tsarist imperial subjects imagined the … Kharkiv, a former university and industrial city, where officials oversaw an experiment creating a polity both … raised the grain quotas for newly collectivized villages. Combined with bad harvests this led to the Holodomor , the …
Rush hour traffic in Interstate 95 in Miami.

Finally, Too Many Cars

… afternoon filed required restructuring plans with federal officials. Chrysler wants $5 billion more in federal loans … starting to remake Maxwell Motors into his future Big Three company. In 1922, there was one registered passenger car or … of a car (or two) in every driveway.   From Keystone Cops comedies to contemporary movie chases to sophisticated art, …
The White House lit in green light for St. Patrick's Day.

9/11 and 3/17: Closer Than You Think

… pluralist implication of the St. Patrick's Day parades becomes more apparent as we look at the events held in cities … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we have come.   So when this weekend's St. Patrick's Day parades pay …
A COVID-19 antigen testing center in Warora, Maharashtra, India.

The Deep Roots of India’s COVID-19 Crisis

… to find oxygen, medication, and hospital beds. The official daily death toll now nears 4,000, and this is … patients’ access to lifesaving medical assistance, all compounded by the emergence of a new variant that may be … to challenge the underlying health inequities that have become so glaringly apparent in India’s second coronavirus …
Plague Doctor

Responding to Pandemics—Both Past and Present

What can we learn from the public/medical responses during previous epidemics and pandemics to aid us in combating COVID-19 on the local, state, and national levels?
Grade Level
9-12
9
10
11
12
Teaching Area
US History to 1877
US History since 1877
… of this lesson is to reflect on the response of government officials and public health officers to previous pandemics … outbreak, and the 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic to aid us in combating COVID-19 on the local, state, and national levels. … during previous epidemics and pandemics to aid us in combating COVID-19 on the local, state, and national levels? …