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… In October 2010, the Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega made news by … inescapable conclusion for him and other finance ministers was that no country could gain if all countries devalued … development. This was true in the late-nineteenth century when the rising powers of the age--such as Germany, Japan, …

… The history of the US woman suffrage movement is usually … overlooks how profoundly international the struggle was from the start. Suffragists from the United States and … mixed-sex audience—embraced a diasporic vision of freedom when she asked in 1832: “How long shall the fair daughters …

… diverse crowd led an uprising at New York’s Stonewall Inn. The event has become iconic in popular memory as the spark … with other marginalized people’s fights for inclusions when he saluted freedom fighters “through Seneca Falls , and … of what happened are well established. The Stonewall was a seedy gay club in New York’s Greenwich Village—the …

… On December 1, World AIDS Day, should we wish the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) a happy birthday? We … contact, probably during butchering or hunting chimpanzees. When the simian virus entered the human’s blood stream, it … B suggest that HIV could have spread widely. And it was in 1959, the last year of Belgian rule in the Congo, …

… From Plague to Influenza and HIV, learn about the history of global pandemics in order to better understand the current coronavirus pandemic, a panel discussion with … possible, in part, by Ohio Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, …

… 2018, Brazil elected far-right ideologue Jair Bolsonaro to the presidency. Bolsonaro, a retired military officer often called the "Trump of the Tropics," campaigned on a platform that mixed … back what he called, quote, the good old days of 1964 1985 when a repressive military regime ruled the country, the …

… Historian Deborah Lipstadt begins her 1994 book, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory with … of Reason.” She worries about the 20% of Americans who, when surveyed about whether the Holocaust happened, answer … House after the election, shaking the recent winner’s hand was the only option for a sitting President interested in …

… Proponents of a new Constitutional amendment want to change the presidency in reference to one man, but they should be … first time the constitutional definition of the presidency was written in reference to one man but, like any such … one foot in political theory and the other in politics. When the delegates to the constitutional convention, meeting …

… Many election cycles feel “unprecedented” in the moment. Some, however, really do represent something … always because of what the issues were or who the victor was. The following ten elections each brought something … for Jefferson but not for Burr, thereby avoiding a tie. When the ballots were opened, however, it emerged that no …

… Voting is perhaps the most fundamental act of democratic citizenship. In a democracy, our political leaders receive their mandate, and the system itself derives its legitimacy, from the people … advances in the right to vote have come during periods when the federal government was playing a more assertive …

… Over a century ago, the British historian Lord Acton warned that absolute power … and for most of America’s history, the United States was a weak nation. It lacked the military strength to … Jefferson, for example, believed peace was possible only when all states treated each other as equals. He argued that …

… catch experts unawares? Even more intriguingly, why do they defy analysis after they’ve happened? Neither … of their self interest, mediated by competition, was better and cheaper meat, beer and bread. The invisible …   Another example of an unintended consequence came when the mavens of information technology followed William …

… basement of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem.  The hotel was the administrative hub of the British presence in … for Black September.  The crisis was resolved tragically when a poorly planned German effort to free the hostages … Party, an act that they believed would undermine the Leninist Revolution that they hoped to achieve.  Moro’s …

… As Al Gore and George W. Bush fight out these final days in their battle for the presidency, the … unsuccessful race for the presidency in 1908, a record was set: "neither before nor since has anybody been defeated … Richard Nixon handily defeated George McGovern in 1972 when McGovern earned only 17 electoral votes out of a total …

… Since their independence from  the Soviet Union in 1991, many have … chose to step down from power.  One model they might follow was the so-called “Niyazov method,” named after the first … in which a head of state facing significant legal issues when their term limits are up promotes a successor in …

… In the spring of 2003, French protesters marched in huge … unilateral policies now causing so much trouble in Iraq. When it comes to remembering World War II, Americans should … A nationalist who pursued diplomacy independent of Washington, de Gaulle angered Americans by announcing that …

… Karl Rove’s recent “cut and run” accusations against the Bush administration’s Democratic opponents ought to be … Did Dwight D. Eisenhower “cut and run” in Korea in 1953? It was Ike who told the nation that if he were elected he would … conceded that Eisenhower did the responsible thing when he quickly completed the truce negotiations that ended …

… When Billy Graham died in February of this year, many of the tributes referred to him as “America’s Pastor”—and as … and Jews who make up the majority of Americans today he was hardly “America’s” pastor. Nevertheless, when he died … Protestant Preaching after the Age of Graham …