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Chinese women putting up posters on a wall

Modern China and Its Institutions

Review of Making China Modern: From the Great Qing to Xi Jinping, by Klaus Mühlhahn (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… (1644-1912) to the present day. The book attempts to accomplish two tasks. First, it provides a general history of … of power within the government. Missionaries like the ones above began to undermine Chinese institutions during … each examining a different era of Chinese governance. Part One explores the Qing Dynasty, its rise and fall, and the …

Child Kidnapping in America

… and raped her and kept her as his daughter. Over the past one hundred and forty years, Americans have experienced … the money). This refusal brought him a torrent of negative commentary and helped to define for the future what … parent held one arm of the child and was pulling her in opposite directions. This was the most public display of a …
A painting of the Rubicon scene from the mid-nineteenth century: Gustave Boulanger, Jules-César arrivé au Rubicon.

Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

One damp and chilly January night in northern Italy—in what … Gaul, or today’s Emilia Romagna—the statesman and accomplished general Julius Caesar crossed the little Rubicon … marked the beginning of the Roman Civil War, it was just one moment in the conflict between Caesar and fellow Roman …
The Golubac Fortress was a medieval fortified town on the south side of the Danube River

A Postcard from Djerdap, Serbia

… for a weekend vacation to Djerdap National Park. As one park guide put it, Djerdap proved to be a great place to … park can enjoy and reflect these legacies too, while even becoming a part of it themselves. The Djerdap National Park is … of plants, animals, natural features, and archaeological sites, it also offers infrastructure and a variety of …

Russia and the Race for the Arctic

… Russia's claims to the Arctic in 2007. This time, everyone took notice. Miles below the site of his previous … understand why there is all this noise in the international community. If anyone wants to plant a flag down there, … shelf off Ellsmere Island. In 2006, Norway too handed in an official submission for reconfiguration of its Arctic Ocean …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… Reports that Pentagon officials are actively discussing plans for using nuclear … Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from … that its uranium-enrichment efforts have passed a new milestone are more show than substance and do not significantly …
An image comparing Communism to Naziism

Historical Analogies and the China Debate

… a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad analogies have come to dominate discussions of China in the American press. … or Nazis? It depends on the goal of the writer.  If one’s purpose is to discredit Beijing’s current leaders, … between the imperial and revolutionary eras, and official histories point with pride to the role that Chinese …
Seal of the Vice President of the United States.

The Vice Presidency Should Not Be an Accident Waiting to Happen

… Marshall, liked to joke that “once there were two brothers: one ran away to sea, the other was elected vice president — … the ugly duckling of American politics. They have only one official, and largely ceremonial, duty: to preside over the … and funding for the arts. These three men were all accomplished politicians, nationally well known before being …
Official portrait of President Gerald R. Ford (February 25, 1976).

Will Vindication Elude Ford?

… evening, his well-deserved vindication will probably never come. Thrust into a difficult situation — one he handled with aplomb — his reputation was unfairly and … focus has always been on his pardon of Richard Nixon. Only one month after taking office, Ford announced that Nixon …
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… during the last twelve months is a strange experience. One of the most striking things is the sheer diversity of … as they have from the furor last summer triggered by comments about Beijing’s human rights record made by Bob … People’s Republic and our relations with its leadership.   One curious thing to note about the past year’s wide-ranging …
William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: Shakespeare Lost & Found

… last history play Henry VIII: Or, All is True. A volatile combination of a cheap roof and pyrotechnic effects could … Shakespeare. The lease had expired on their former home, one of the oldest Elizabethan playhouses, simply named the … (pictured below) located only 750 feet from the original site. Shakespeare’s Globe opened (or reopened, or even …
Pope Leo XIV in the popemobile at his inauguration, 2025.

Faith, History, and the City of God in the 21st Century

… Rome . If  warnings of the imminent rise of superhuman AI come to pass, he may be the last pontiff crowned during the … These times “present a challenge for all of us but it is one that we should not run away from.” Quoting Saint … of unfettered capitalism and godless socialism he envisioned a Christian commonweal combining natural rights of …
French soldiers overrun Chinese troops during the 1860 campaign in the Second Opium War.

The Second Opium War

… March 3, 1857 marked the unofficial beginning of the so-called Second Opium War … in open defiance of Qing laws prohibiting the drug. After one Chinese trade commissioner captured and publicly destroyed British opium … Milestones …
Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin Book Cover

Byzantium for Dummies

Review of Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, by Judith Herrin (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008)
… to Byzantium , Herrin relates a story of two builders coming to her office after passing it daily to ask her what … book Byzantium . Herrin should be applauded for this goal alone, for trying to bring something so broad as Byzantium … that by dividing up the book into small cohesive units, one doesn't need to read the book in order, or all at one
Omagh, Northern Ireland in 2001.

Taking the Guns Out of Irish Politics

… The decommissioning of weapons in Northern Ireland ought to be a … and committed to principles of nonviolence. All but one of the myriad terrorist organizations has now declared a … the use of the embryonic Irish Army. Through local and unofficial agreements many IRA weapons likewise made their way …
lab tech with vaccine

Vaccines and Responsible Parenthood

Review of Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization, by Elena Conis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… scientists hoped that vaccines could be used to eradicate common childhood diseases such as mumps and rubella. Yet … from mumps. Vaccine manufacturers and public health officials pushed the vaccine as part of responsible … public confidence in vaccination. Second-wave feminism was one such movement. As caregivers, women traditionally bore …

Becoming 'European:' The Diverging Paths of the Czech and Slovak Republics

… the EU, conflicting voices could also be heard among Czech officials about their place in a larger Europe. Most … west became (if ambivalently for some) the second former communist-bloc state to assume the rotating presidency of … bringing to 16 the total number of countries in the euro zone. Membership in the EU means many things for the myriad …
Chinese laborers work a sugar plantation in 19th century Hawaii.

A Sweet Beginning: the U.S. Sugar Monopoly

… case effectively created the legal context for sugar to become ubiquitous. Look at any U.S. food label today and you will find that one of the top five ingredients listed, in some form or … The Sherman Anti-Trust Act . Notably, E.C. Knight was one of the first cases where the Federal government …