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Pullman Strike illustration

Top Ten Origins: American Workers and Strikes

… Socialist Congress meeting in Paris in July 1899. The comrades set the date in solidarity with organized workers … company police, big-city gangsters, and corrupt public officials, the miners responded in kind. The result was … using technological innovations to move plants to non-union sites while introducing automated processes that gradually …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … to fight. But many wanted the United States to do something official. Congressman Daniel Webster, ever attuned to public … one member said, should have nothing to do “with the wrongs committed by other Governments against those whom they …
Official Program: Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington DC March 3, 1913

I have many things to say (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 2)

… call the Anthony Amendment, and what would eventually become the 19th Amendment. But not for a long time. California … also employed a state focused strategy that lobbied state officials to propose state constitutional amendments … Oranjudio. Song and band information can be found on our website, and we encourage our listeners to visit episode …
 SPLM rally in Southern Sudan, 2010. (Image by U.S. Institute of Peace)

Tribal Militias in Sudan

… because SAF leader General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF commander General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemeti, … but fighting among Janjaweed collaborators. UNAMID officials say 80 to 90 percent of the violent deaths … where Arabs are in the majority. South Darfur is also the site of the most serious rebellion against the government by …
The hazards of an enclosed work environment – a typist with cloth mask during the influenza pandemic in 1918.

The Respirator and Cloth Mask

… understandings of how disease is transmitted within the community. As a general rule, respirators function by … This served to loosen the mucus membranes and provided a comforting insulation from the cold, allowing the wearer to … of lowland Bengal took a physical toll on the soldiers and officials of the East India Company. Upon returning to …
Emperor Süleyman

Süleyman the Magnificent

… his empire. When Süleyman was made sultan, his kingdom encompassed the peoples and territories of the Balkans, … of Croatia and Hungary, allowing the bulk of Hungary to come under Ottoman rule. Years later, Süleyman himself died … curtailed by local custom. It was expected that Ottoman officials would have a knowledge of local practices and …
Mr. Ernesto Zedillo, Chair GDN Board of Directors, kicks off the 10th annual GDN conference.

Broken Promises in Mexico

… bilateral trade, illegal immigration, and joint efforts to combat drug trafficking. Political reform in Mexico should … these words of praise ring hollow. Zedillo has shown little commitment to reform. In fact, he recently supported … from a combination of patronage, fraud, and repression. PRI officials oversee a patronage network which includes most of …

Sudan in Crisis

… coexisted with Egyptian schools, missionary schools, community schools, and Sudanese private schools. In the … in northern schools, the linguistic situation was more complicated in the south, where local vernaculars, English, … tribal units from the rest of the country. Northern officials were transferred out of the south, trading permits …

The Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse, Then and Now

… changing sexual mores since the 1960s. Occasionally, commentators have referred to an insular institutional … Yet today’s crisis of the Catholic Church, which commentators have called the gravest since the Reformation , … air confessional from the Netherlands in 1740 ( right ). Official guidelines sought to curtail the risk that these …
India and Pakistan highlighted on a map.

“Open Skies” for India and Pakistan?

… Open Skies missions would provide that Indian and Pakistani officials work together on observation flights. This type of … bin Laden himself, are in that area. For the international community to finish off al-Qaida, uninterrupted cooperation …
The United States Declaration of Independence

The Writing Is Faded, the Message Lives

… And when the Declaration was examined in 1820, government officials feared that its ink was fading. In an effort to … was brilliant, but the process nearly destroyed the text. Compounding the damage was the decision in 1841 to put the … to monitor the condition of the document using a $3 million computerized camera system designed by the Jet Propulsion …
Women of the Association of Families of the Detained-Disappeared demonstrate in front of La Moneda Palace during the Pinochet military regime.

In Historical Truths, the Road to an Open Society

… were right-wing ideologues who cynically utilized fears of communism to crush opposition to their tyrannical regimes. … a new government established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), the chair of which was Archbishop Desmond … resolution prevailed because police, military and political officials had already received blanket amnesty. Nor did the …
A memorial to the Heaven’s Hundred in Kyiv. Serhii Kemsky’s photo is in black and white under the words Nebesna sotnia.

Heroes Never Die

… Maidan could unite to take direct action against government officials. “None of this will be easy,” he wrote in a …

Singapore at Fifty

… From a meagre population of 150 when the British East India Company first set up a factory and trading post on the … has attained the world’s second highest per-capita income. It has the planet’s second busiest port, its … transactions were facilitated by the use of Chinese copper coins. Chinese currency facilitated trade not just with …
Allen Weinstein

Will They Be the National (Secret) Archives?

… about government and what it has been doing. But officials often prefer to work in secrecy.  The historians' … Assassination Records, and now the files of the 9-11 commission. Decisions about access to these materials should … Collins of Maine, chair of the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee and a Republican, noted in Weinstein's …
Olympic Broadcasting Services covering the men's 10 kilometre marathon swim at the 2012 Olympic Games.

The Big Game on the Small Screen: The Televised Transformation of Sport

… Contemporary televised sport, in many ways, has become a better fan experience than being there live. You get … everyone involved to both achieve a small-screen experience comparable to being there and agree that doing so was in … be called closed-circuit venues – around the country. The  official   record of the 1936 Games claims that over 160,000 …