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The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… capitalism. 1619 saw the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in the Virginia colony, marking the beginning of a … Hannah-Jones, has brought public attention to how slavery and American capitalism grew up together and alongside the … consumption. Additionally, she highlights the role of West Africa in shaping these ideals, which makes a stark contrast …
An integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C., in 1957.

The Unfinished Business of School Desegregation

… The 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education has come and gone. But in celebrating its achievements we have once … a dangerous myth about race relations outside the South. Northern parents demanding educational equality have … schools is an issue that will not go away. The prominent African-American psychologist Kenneth Clark knew this when, …

Updating ‘No Child Left Behind:’ Change, or More of the Same

… because it promised to measure student achievement in math and reading, through regular standardized tests, and to use … developed during that time between public education and the African-American civil rights agenda. First, black … to be seriously limited. In the North as well as the South, many attended segregated schools, which, contrary to …
Statue of Samuel J. Tilden in New York City.

Presidential Electoral Controversy Nothing New in Florida

… as it did during the election of 1876. As the news media and lawyers from the Gore and the Bush campaigns converged … to contest other issues, the attention of the nation turned south. The story was much the same in 1876, when Florida was … The issue of a remedy remains unresolved. In the end, the African-American vote may again be one of the first …
A rendering of the Battle of Fort Pillow, also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, which was fought on April 12, 1864 in Tennessee.  It ended with a massacre by Confederate soldiers of at least one hundred surrendered black troops serving the Union, exemplifying one of the Civil War's transgressions of the norms of warfare.

The American Civil War, Then and Now

Review of The War that Forged a Nation: Why the Civil War Still Matters, by James McPherson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… over state sovereignty, unresolved regional rivalries, and enduring questions of race and citizenship. James … exploring the role of the 1846-1848 Mexican War in the South's eventual secession and another examining the continuing paramilitary and terrorist violence in the South after the Civil War, 1861-1865 seems narrow indeed. …

We Won’t Shut up and Dribble: A Short History of Black Athletic Protest

… man fr ARE YOU KIDDING ME!!!!!" LeBron James in his Cleveland Cavaliers uniform, 2008. James was reacting to a … their disgust. Former WNBA star and current University of South Carolina women's basketball coach Dawn Staley tweeted, … opportunities. For example, between 1875 and 1902, eleven African American jockeys, led by Isaac Murphy, won the …
voting button by Steve Rainwater, Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0

Race and Voting, Past and Present

… Suppose an African American goes to the polls on Election Day. Although … workers turn her away. "You're black," they tell her, "and blacks can't vote." The following year, the same voter … black freedoms — especially the right to vote. "The whole South is in the hands of the very men that held us as …
W.E.B. Du Bois c. 1911

150 Years Since the Birth of W. E. B. Du Bois

… Du Bois. Although he died more than 50 years ago, his life and work command more attention now than ever before. Many … first page of Du Bois' dissertation "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in the United States: 1638–1871" ( left … who had killed his employer in an act of self-defense just southwest of Atlanta, caused Du Bois to think about …

Yearning to Breathe Free: The American Immigration Story

… over the last several months, warning of labor shortages and a migration crisis . Despite an abundance of job … numbers of migrants have arrived to the United States’ southern border , the vast majority of whom are prevented … for laborers and looked to eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa in order to solicit their best and brightest. …
1864 depiction of the Fort Pillow Massacre in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper

Ten Moments of White Supremacist Violence in U.S. History

… Trump’s failure to immediately condemn the Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazis following the events in Charlottesville, VA by … elections that fall, which led to federal occupation of the South and measures to allow black voting rights. 3. Colfax … and killed roughly 60 black Wilmingtonians. Over 2,100 African-Americans left the city during the carnage and did …

The West without Water: What Can Past Droughts Tell Us About Tomorrow?

… States is delivered by winter storms from the Pacific, and over the past year, those storms were largely blocked by … of California is in severe to exceptional drought. The southwestern states are also experiencing moderate to severe … 25 percent of normal for late January. Elsewhere in the Southwest, Lake Powell, the largest reservoir on the …
L to R - Indigenous, African American, and Jewish Peoples

Ideas of Race and Racism in History

… The issues of race and racism remain as urgent as ever to our national … does not exist as a biological reality, what then is race and where did the idea develop from? What is racism? How have race and racism been used by societies to justify discrimination, … principal legacy of the institution of slavery, North and South was the persistence in the belief in of white …
An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, March 1, 1780. Pennsylvania State Archives.

The Forgotten First Step Toward Freedom

… in the United States can explain the neglect of this landmark law. The American Revolution had provided the … compelled to check the felonious dispatch of slaves to the South. The successes of these measures removed the incubus … slaves to liberate themselves by escaping to the North. New African-American churches, schools and mutual help …
Medical examination photo of Gordon showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful tool in the abolitionist movement.

Can Reparations Heal the Wounds of Slavery?

… A group of African-Americans is demanding in federal court in New York that the United States … a social fund to improve health, education and housing for African-Americans.   But this is a weak argument because it …