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This is the third Strasbourg astronomical clock which is located in the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was built in 1843, the first clock was built 1352-1354.

Paleotechnic Machines in the Middle Ages

Review of Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art, by E.R. Truitt (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)
… heads that revealed the future, and automated gardens complete with metallic singing birds. In this book, E.R. … little energy in creating its own automata but viewed foreign automata as coming from lands “rich in flamboyant … understood to exist in medieval times. For example, she points to mechanical monkeys and animals that were …
Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

… one. We should not panic if Russia, in the short-term, becomes more antagonistic toward Western values and interests. … chaos. Second and more important, the current round of reforms is part of a complex and ongoing process of … Poles and Swedes. He imposed compulsory education in the latest military, naval, and administrative techniques upon …

Syria's Islamic Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising

… and animosity between Islamists (groups whose political platform calls for government policy to rest on the tenets of … population walked out of the Istanbul meeting as well, complaining that the SNC had no intention of setting up a … by the organization, most notably "The Lighthouse," a newspaper published in Aleppo. After Syria's defeat in the …
Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… protests in Hong Kong that have directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been suppressed by force. It’s tempting to link this unexpected behavior to the … University of California, Irvine, a writer for the History News Service and the author of "China's Brave New World -- …

Avoiding the Scourge of War: The Challenges of United Nations Peacekeeping

… On July 1, 2011, the United Nations welcomed its newest member. South Sudan's January referendum on … from Sudan following years of violence marked a high point for U.N. peacekeeping, which had maintained the armistice … now necessitates more than establishing weapons collection points and observing demobilization. Peacekeepers must …

What's in a Name?: The Meaning of 'Muslim Fundamentalist'

… perceive that reality. In so doing the words we use also become a part of the world we are trying to understand. One … Take these examples: In February 2008, the Ottawa Herald —a newspaper in eastern Kansas—published an opinion piece by … Sillett's piece, titled "Don't Betray Your Heritage for Obama's 'Change'" made use of a keyword that is on many …

WikiLeaks, and the Past and Present of American Foreign Relations

… Arabic, European, and Persian architectural styles, the complex embodied purposefully Egypt's place at the … nightmare"—a spigot of information from the contact points of American power, where powerbrokers and diplomats … Little was known of the man beyond the fact that he had visited a website associated with radical Islam—but his name …
Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger, by Bruce Kuklick book cover.

Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger

Review of Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger, by Bruce Kuklick (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006)
… World War. After listening to his story, I asked him to compare what he knew of Vietnam to his own experiences. His … than generals." This view, which is representative of comments made by other veterans I interviewed, does not seem … Throughout the Cold War, in addition to those who stood before the electorate, there have been scores of foreign …

Influenza Pandemics Now, Then, and Again

… rate of 9.6%. The world, all things considered, was fortunate. While those deaths were tragic, they were a … SARS it could not in 2009. Pandemic influenza, a frequent visitor in the past, was back again. As the threat of the … prevent, the next pandemic. The viruses that affect humans come in many types, and their impact on human communities …
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1964.

The (Character) Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

… The family of Martin Luther King, Jr., much maligned of late for its aggressive copyright control of Dr. King’s works, … King. Jury selection began November 15. The case hardly comes as a surprise. In recent years, the King family has … at Columbia University, and a writer for the History News Service. He has interned at the Martin Luther King, …
Group of women marching with signs: "GWU Women's Liberation," "I'm a second-class citizen," "Women demand equality"

A Slut from East Toledo (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 5)

… The fading of former suffragist activism during the interwar period did not spell the end of the fight for women's rights, especially as so many women remained … expansive vision of women's rights, including advocating for workplace justice and pushing for reproductive freedom. …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… UN weapons inspectors be given months or even a year to complete further investigations in that country, President George W. Bush appears eager for quick military action. His resistance to a delay springs … President Bush’s overall approval rating had dropped 10 points in just one month, and 44% disapproved of his overall …
An MP looking north from South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone, 2008.

The War That Never Ended: The Legacy of the Korean War

… On June 15, 1950,  North Korean armed forces invaded  South Korea and launched a brutal war on the … forces, however, the South Korean military repelled the Communist attack and eventually pushed them north of the … the other. Sometimes diplomats from the two Koreas would visit the same head of state within the same day.  Seoul …
'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe Book Cover.

Mr. Bush Meet Mr. Jackson

Review of 'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe (Oxford University Press, 2007)
… at Daniel Walker Howe's "What Hath God Wrought?": The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 and announced dismissively … Daniel Walker Howe wrought? The answer is a sweeping and commanding synthesis of the political and economic history … book from the first message sent by electric telegraph and points out that the company Samuel Morse founded – Western …

Erasing Indigenous History, Then and Now

… culture in American culture.” —Rick Santorum, April 2021 Former Pennsylvania senator (and CNN commentator) Rick Santorum made those comments at a conservative student organization-hosted … Indigenous Communities …
The Course of Empire: Destruction, Painted by Thomas Cole, depicts a highly dramatic, catastrophic image of Rome's end.

Political Economy in the Late Roman Empire

Review of The Tragedy of Empire: From Constantine to The Destruction of Roman Italy, by Michael Kulikowski (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… really was catastrophic. This is perhaps a useful context for understanding Pennsylvania State University historian … in church politics, while Julian flounders after becoming augustus and Jovian emerged as the first “compromise candidate” chosen to be emperor by those more …
Caricature of President Nixon in 1970.

Patrick J. Buchanan: a Populist, Not a Conservative

… his party's $12.6 million, thanks to the Federal Election Commission, which ruled in a recent 5-1 decision that Buchanan, the former aide to Presidents Nixon and Reagan, is the Reform … hostile liberal journalists and from then on distrusted the news media. Modern American conservatism characteristically …
Banksy mural of worker chipping star off EU flag

Brexit: Dividing the United Kingdom

… Union. Nearly three years, later, however, the final outcome of Brexit remains uncertain. And issues that affect the … continent changed? What were the political and economic forces that compelled the UK to join the EU in the first place? What … Eric Michael Rhodes   Hello and welcome to History Talk . We're the podcast that brings …
This postcard depicts a recreation of the Arbella, the ship that carried John Winthrop and his fellow Puritans to present-day Massachusetts.

From Forgotten Phrase to American Myth

Review of As a City on a Hill: The Story of America’s Most Famous Lay Sermon , by Daniel T. Rodgers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018)
… political and religious debates swirling in the world of Reformation England . It doesn’t really envision a future … seemed to me, foreshadows what the United States would become more than the Puritan outpost of Boston. After all, … Winthrop Fleet, which was funded by the  Massachusetts  Bay Company, came ashore in 1630. Ditto across the 19th century, …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… a majority of members of the legislative assembly voted for the extension, average citizens with no connection to crime have become victims of this policy —especially poor and young … Rights Ombudsman. Family members have not been able to visit their loved ones, despite pleading with the …
Pamphlet of "Virginia Women Opposed to Suffrage"

Equal Suffrage Awaits Trial (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 3)

… Francis, all of whom began organizing and agitating for the vote toward the end of the 19th century. From the … clubs and launched multiyear protests. While sharing a common goal, these efforts were not without internal … be found on our website, and we encourage our listeners to visit episode descriptions for citations to background …
The sickle and hammer on a Soviet Union flag from the 1930s.

A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History)

Review of A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History) , by Vladislav Zubok (2007, University of North Carolina Press)
For fifty years the Soviet Union stood in the eyes of the … motives and the messianic revolutionary ideals of Russian communism. 2 Originating in Czarist Russia, traditional … the Soviet Union's security. On the other hand, messianic communist ideals, which date back to Bolshevik upheaval of …
Vaccination team member giving a cholera vaccine in Cerca Carvajal, 2013.

Cholera and the Roots of Public Health

… infects between 1.3 and 4 million people and is responsible for between 21,000 and 143,000 deaths annually worldwide, … the poor’s living conditions. In Great Britain, Poor Law Commissioner Edwin Chadwick, from the miasma school, began … However, it would take another decade (and another pandemic visitation) for this discovery to be broadly accepted. …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United States for the public education system (K-12) that detail what … adopted only the language curriculum) . Click this link to visit the Common Core standards official webpage for an …