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Women working at a farm at Lamas district in Peru, 2014. (Photo by CIF Action)

Reforming Peruvian Agriculture, Again

… declared, the group trains “farmers, women, and indigenous communities in the use of improved technologies in current … Aside from PERU-Hub, research teams from OU recently completed the first phase of collaborative projects with … brought back unpleasant memories. While many people welcomed the government’s initiative to help small farmers, the …
Cover of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire by Giusto Traina.

The End of the World as They Knew It

Review of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire, by Giusto Traina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xix, 203. Trans. by Allan Cameron)
… sphere of influence. In this context Flavius Dionysius, commander of Rome's eastern military forces and a native of … outfoxed the Romans; Flavius was sent to accept this fait accompli . In the next two chapters, Traina continues to … regular Romans living in these provinces who often had to pay the steep taxes necessary to finance the army and the …

South America’s ‘Sleeping Giant’ Wakes: Brazil’s 2010 Election

… and Russia, and with nearly two times the per-capita income of China, Brazil is on track to become a major force in the global economy. How Things Change … primary fiscal surplus (the budget balance before interest payments on outstanding debt) of 3.75% of GDP in the next …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created stiff competition. Nowhere has China’s emergence been more … times, it is easy to come in, take out natural resources, pay off leaders and leave ... And when you leave, you don’t …

A Fresh Start for Pakistan?

… in 1947, Pakistan’s political elites have faced regional, communal, and religious obstacles to building a stable, … should rule. At the same time, Pakistan suffered from complexities of geography and poor relations with neighbors. … Gandhi and the Congress argued that despite South Asia’s complicated mosaic of ethnicities, languages, and religions …

Making Sense of the 'Hermit Kingdom': North Korea in the Nuclear Age

… significant opposition, the Bush administration quickly complied with the terror-list demand (in return for certain … dispute was now resolved. "I am profoundly disappointed," complained Florida Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen. "By … emerged as well, including a major, across-the-board pay raise issued in 1970, and a noticeable increase in …
Rio's Ipanema Beach

A Postcard from Brazil: The Old Struggle for a Better Future

… a man running for his life, I immediately knew the answer. "COME IN!" someone was yelling. I need not have been told; … already made my way back through the gate of the archive complex. A security guard gave me a glass of water and asked … of public infrastructure projects, and to misappropriate taxpayer money. The restoration of Rio’s iconic Maracanã soccer …
Black women marching with signs supporting integration

Race in the Classroom: Teaching Civil Rights

… Leticia Wiggins   This is your host Leticia Wiggins and welcome to History Talk , the history podcast for everyone … right into the questions. Black and White Americans do race completely differently. This is proven by polls that are … It can turn into the rogue cop story in which one bad apple causes this to happen. And that feeds back into a very …
Two vials of modern insulin named Actrapid (left) and NovoRapid (right) by the manufacturers.

The First Insulin Injection as a Treatment for Diabetes

… a chronic condition that can have serious, life-threatening complications if left untreated. Diabetes is caused when the … date to the ancient Egyptians, over a millennium before the common era . Later, in the second century CE, the Greek … Laboratories at the University of Toronto for a token payment of one dollar. Meanwhile Eli Lilly was given a …
Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) Book Cover

Ho Chi Minh: A Biography

Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
… at the fringes of European and Asian societies, Ho's complex experiences have been canonized at home and abroad, with records from former communist territories off-limits, and formal writings from … years after independence. Like the idealists Brocheux pays tribute to in his opening pages, Ho Chi Minh's life was …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and … velodrome, shooting gallery, and seating for the swimming competitions) saw the staging of 45 events ranging from … and complexity. Given that the cities were effectively the paymasters, a larger commitment of resources tended to …
DC Police Car in the snow

A Long View of Policing in America

… Patrick Potyondy   Welcome to History Talk the history podcast for everyone … relationships between local law enforcement and the communities they protect.   Patrick Potyondy   Things are now coming to a head, but these concerns are sadly, nothing new. …
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining spoken dialogue with music, song, and dance. For … Man in the Moon," from Evangeline, or The Belle of Acadia. Composer Edward E. Rice and librettist J. Cheever Goodwin … newspaper sellers who went on strike in 1899 for better pay began life as a 1992 live-action movie starring …
Women at desk marked "Learn to Vote"

So...what now? (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 4)

… the polls were moved to schools and churches and community centers. There was some change in how candidates … associated with women and the home. Churches, schools, community centers, and this continues through to this day. … was inhibited by all kinds of devices by literacy tests, payroll taxes, and even by violence and intimidation. As …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… to sustain themselves in deep sea until the vessel actually comes by." Under the pirates' command, the Sirius Star sailed to a mooring off the coast … On the issues of negotiating with the pirates (that is paying ransom), the prosecution of pirates, and whether to …
A makeshift influenza hospital at Camp Funston, 1918.

Top Ten Origins: Flu

… first used the term in English, but “influenza” was not a commonly used term in England until the 1782 pandemic. 2. … bacterium, which he named Bacillus influenza (or as it more commonly came to be called, Pfeiffer’s bacillus), in 1892. … without them. Those who ignored the flu ordinances had to pay steep fines. 8. Finding the Viral Cause Dr. Edwin Shope …
Crowds of people in Kyiv, Ukraine

The Fate of Crimea, the Future of Ukraine, Part I

… Leticia Wiggins  Welcome to History Talk , the history podcast for everyone … afterwards, we have German settlers, Mennonites, that was common there. We have Jews coming there and it was a … so-called empty Ukrainian, pro-Russian demonstrations, paying unemployed people off the bus for their participation …
The Sofia Monument to the Soviet Army painted in the colors of the Ukrainian flag din support of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution.

World War II in Eastern Europe: Many Lands, Many Memories

… the countries formerly designated as the “ East European communist bloc ” displayed a remarkable solidarity in … most prominently in Hungary and Germany. Yet communist parties in most East European countries were … in tones that would not offend the Soviets. Ironically, paying fealty to the USSR sometimes did the work of the …
a woman at a witch trial. she is wearing white and has her arms up in air with lightening bolts coming out of them. A judge, lawyer and an audience of people look on.

What was Wrong with the Judges at the Salem Witch Trials?

… Speaker's Note: Matt Goldish would like to add a more complete response to one of the questions asked him after … Nicholas Breyfogle:   Hello and welcome to “What was wrong with the judges at the Salem Witch … become a member, which, right, it wasn't just a matter of paying your dues. You had to be accepted by the …
fire at plant in Bhopal in background people lost in the fire

Remembering Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial Disaster

… This presentation commemorates the 40th anniversary of the Bhopal Gas Disaster … Nicholas Breyfogle: Hello and welcome to Remembering Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial … in Teaching, and I'll be your host and moderator today. Welcome to everyone and thank you so much for joining us. Today …

The UN, the WHO, and the Future of U.S. Diplomacy

… policies as altruistic during the ideological competition of the Cold War. But these institutions and … loss of control frustrated Washington officials, who complained about the UN and WHO even as they generously … 1960s. The Reagan administration cut the budget and slowed payments as part of a larger effort to minimize the role of …
U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon

Ten Terrorists Attacks in History

… by failing to address the problems in Russian society that compelled the radicals to violence, Russian leaders … condemned him for his willingness to work with Italy’s communist Party, an act that they believed would undermine … TNT equivalent of explosives; when the driver detonated his payload it leveled the entire building, killing 241 U.S. …
Under Attlee's direction, the Labour Party's position on foreign affairs in the 1930s was somewhat inconsistent. A believer in the "collective security" represented by the League of Nations, Attlee opposed rearmament even as he pushed for firmer measures against Nazi aggression.

A Sheep in Sheep’s Clothing

Review of Clement Attlee: The Man Who Made Modern Britain, by John Bew (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).
… – the Labour Party emerged from the 1945 election with a commanding majority in the House of Commons – Attlee achieved what no other Labour leader had … efficiency. While concern over Britain’s balance of payments and diminished production led Attlee to maintain …
Ukrainian soldier with blue and yellow ribbon overlay

Understanding the War in Ukraine: Insights from the Recent Past, 1991—Present

… Dr. Angela Brintlinger  Welcome, everybody. I went ahead and turned off my email so it … Let me just tell you again, I know some of you have come to many of these talks, others might want to come to … you know, what I'm understanding is that we should never pay attention to sociological questions in looking for the …