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US Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., signing the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. President Truman stands by at left (UN Photo/Yould).

The Signing of the United Nations Charter

… powers in World War II discussed how to create a new international organization dedicated to collective security and … League of Nations. The United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union led a coalition known as the united nations against … Global/Transnational …
In 2011, thousands of ultra-nationalist demonstrators took to the streets of Moscow, armed with tsarist insignia and shouting the anti-immigrant chant "Let's give Russia back to the Russians!"

Russia’s Lost Empire

Review of Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation, From 1470 to the Present, by Serhii Plokhy (New York: Basic Books, 2017)
… are especially important given current events in former Soviet republics, especially in Ukraine . In Lost Kingdom: … Plokhy examines the origins of Russian imperialism and nationalism from the emergence of Kievan Rus in the ninth … fully aligned with the Russian state: during the Soviet Union’s reign as a superpower. Apart from the years spanning …

1989 Twenty Years On: The End of Communism and the Fate of Eastern Europe

… in Europe. Throughout 2009, countries from the former Soviet Bloc have attempted to recapture some of that … worked to abolish capitalism and private property by nationalizing and directing all industry, agriculture, and … elections and declared Hungarian neutrality from the Soviet Union. Unwilling to tolerate these measures, the Soviet …
Alfonso García Robles at the Public Hearing on Nuclear Weapons and Disarmament in 1981.

A Model for a Nuclear-Free Middle East

… nuclear weapon-free zone. Just one month later, the Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. The resulting Cuban … crisis almost led to a nuclear war between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Soviet missiles were … the same capability. Iran has been scolded by the international community for failure to accurately report its use …
"Glory to victorious Red Army soldier!" by Dmitrii Stakhievich Moor, 1920

The October Revolution in Russia

… individual liberties. And throughout the twentieth century, Soviet socialism continued to be seen as an existential … produce a communist utopia. "Sacrifice to the International," an anti-Bolshevik propaganda poster, in which … pervasive, as Joseph Stalin sought to prepare the Soviet Union for the next war. Wartime practices such as grain …
Joseph Stalin

Dismantling a Legacy: The Last Days of Stalin

Review of The Last Days of Stalin, by Joshua Rubenstein (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015)
… Stalin had died, his influence would be keenly felt in the Soviet Union. Joshua Rubenstein’s The Last Days of Stalin explores … without background knowledge of Stalin’s reign or the international political situation in the early 1950s. Rubenstein … Soviet Union …
Crowds of people in Kyiv, Ukraine

The Fate of Crimea, the Future of Ukraine, Part I

… tensions between Russia and the United States/European Union that are reminiscent of the darkest of Cold War days. … military operation that has served both the Empire and the Soviet Union over many global conflicts, including the Crimean War … Soviet Union … International Organizations …
Billboard of Nursultan Nazarbayev in Kazakhstan, 2015.

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Democratization Shell Game

… Since their independence from  the Soviet Union in 1991, many have characterized the Republics of  … Communism as a governing ideology and instead embraced nationalism as their guiding principle–one that envisioned … Diplomacy/International Relations … Former Soviet Union …

History, Memory, and the Art of Protest in Belarus

… 2020 presidential election. Lukashenko again barred international election monitors from observing the election. But … lasted one year before being caught in the midst of the Soviet-Polish War and then swallowed up with the … of the confrontation between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with the capital city of Minsk its epicenter.” …
Soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

Stalingrad at 75, the Turning Point of World War II in Europe

… the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad between the Nazi and Soviet armies. Over 1.8 million became casualties. More Soviet soldiers died in the five-month battle than Americans … des Heeres , or OKH), were confident that the Soviet Union would fall within six weeks. At first, their …
Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout Book cover.

Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War

Review of Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout (New York: Viking, 2006)
… Lincoln, the voice of America's civil religion, led the Union into war against the seceded states to preserve the … out of all proportion to their military goals, and Union troops displaced non-combatants and pillaged and … consequences of a war driven by a certainty that infuses nationalism with spiritual meaning. He demonstrates the need …
A military reservist, called to service in the wake of the disaster, involved in the decontamination process.

Chernobyl and the Cost of Lies

… Atomic Energy Station exploded during a safety test in Soviet Ukraine in the early hours of April 26, 1986. The … the explosion, and were part of a much deeper rot in the Soviet system. Reactor #4 was a RBMK reactor, a Soviet model … that the image of technological ascendancy the Soviet Union wanted to project was a lie. Commitment to this image …
The Dream of Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics – The Pact Between Nations, a print prepared by Frédéric Sorrieu, 1848.

Nationalism in Decline

… ended up making clear that we now live in an era of supranationalism. The United States stands poised between wanting … vacate oil-rich Bakassi. Turkey wants to enter the European Union and accepts intense surveillance and hectoring … up turning Czarist Russia into a powerful nation of united soviet republics. The full flowering of nationalism came in …

Building a New Silk Road? Central Asia in the New World Order

… the region's global importance. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Central Asia has become an increasingly important pivot in international relations and economic development. These states … Global/Transnational … Soviet Union … Diplomacy/International Relations …
The colorful buildings of Tirana, viewed from the steps of the National Museum.

A Postcard from Tirana: Overcoming the Past

… now a bustling metropolis was until quite recently a grim Soviet-style city. In fact, the city is recovering from a … Albania gained independence in 1912, Tirana became the new national capital in 1920, replacing Vlora in the country’s … With the revolutions of 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Democratic Party took power in 1992, and …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… One of the most beautiful parts of the former Soviet Union—Nagorno-Karabakh—has recently been scarred by violence … Piedmont-Sardinia was to Italy, i.e., a focal point for national unification. It was the princes ( meliks ) of these … Former Soviet Union …
A woman on the outskirts of Kyiv carrying a bucket of apricots

Eating at You: Food and Chernobyl

… it up—formed a major portion of daily life in the late Soviet Union. Despite decades of rhetoric in the West about the … to 20 millisieverts, several times higher than the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends. … Soviet Union …
soldier holding a bomb in the air

Operation Barbarossa

The Soviet-German front that opened with Operation Barbarossa proved to be the decisive theater of the Second World War.
… The Soviet-German front that opened with Operation Barbarossa … The Soviet-German front that opened with Operation Barbarossa … Soviet Union …
Vladimir Putin seated and surrounded by military officers

World War II Memory in Putin's Russia

… made World War II memory central to contemporary Russian national identity. This talk explores how war remembrance … volume, entitled, "The Memory of the Second World War in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia", and a monograph entitled the … post-Soviet, the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In many ways war memory in Russia today draws on …
2023 BRICS Representatives

The Primakov Doctrine, BRICS, and Russia’s New World Order

… of 2024, Russia hosted the annual summit for BRICS, an international economic and political organization named after … economic, and political order. In the immediate post-Soviet era , Russian leaders felt rebuffed by the United … in politics in 1989 as the Chairman of the Soviet of the Union. From 1990 until 1991 he was a member of Soviet leader …
A group of Kyiv civilians gather in a basement downtown to make Molotov Cocktails to be used against Russian troops in Kyiv, Ukraine, 2022.

Ukraine in War and Revolution

… power in 1917 as part of Lenin’s strategy to “appease the nationalists.” According to Putin, the United States … won. Their victory meant that Ukraine would be part of the Soviet Union until 1991. The period of war and revolution not only … Former Soviet Union …
Image of T2 Atomic Demolition Munition from the 1950s.

The Test-Ban Treaty and the Cold War’s Lessons

… the nuclear arms race was essential to preserving both international security and the quality of national life. Ignoring … hydrogen bombs. By 1972, the United States and the Soviet Union possessed enough nuclear warheads to explode the … Global/Transnational … Soviet Union …
A wheat field in Ukraine resembles the colors on the country's flag.

Ukraine: The Breadbasket of Europe

… launched its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, international agencies such as the Food and Agriculture … world’s food supply.  In fact, since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine has returned to its pre-revolutionary … Former Soviet Union …