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… in Europe. Throughout 2009, countries from the former Soviet Bloc have attempted to recapture some of that … worked to abolish capitalism and private property by nationalizing and directing all industry, agriculture, and … elections and declared Hungarian neutrality from the Soviet Union. Unwilling to tolerate these measures, the Soviet …

… nuclear weapon-free zone. Just one month later, the Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. The resulting Cuban … crisis almost led to a nuclear war between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Soviet missiles were … the same capability. Iran has been scolded by the international community for failure to accurately report its use …

… individual liberties. And throughout the twentieth century, Soviet socialism continued to be seen as an existential … produce a communist utopia. "Sacrifice to the International," an anti-Bolshevik propaganda poster, in which … pervasive, as Joseph Stalin sought to prepare the Soviet Union for the next war. Wartime practices such as grain …

… Stalin had died, his influence would be keenly felt in the Soviet Union. Joshua Rubenstein’s The Last Days of Stalin explores … without background knowledge of Stalin’s reign or the international political situation in the early 1950s. Rubenstein …

… tensions between Russia and the United States/European Union that are reminiscent of the darkest of Cold War days. … military operation that has served both the Empire and the Soviet Union over many global conflicts, including the … common there. We have Jews coming there and it was a multinational population by the middle of nineteenth century.   …

… Since their independence from  the Soviet Union in 1991, many have characterized the Republics of  … Communism as a governing ideology and instead embraced nationalism as their guiding principle–one that envisioned …

… 2020 presidential election. Lukashenko again barred international election monitors from observing the election. But … lasted one year before being caught in the midst of the Soviet-Polish War and then swallowed up with the … of the confrontation between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with the capital city of Minsk its epicenter.” …

… the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad between the Nazi and Soviet armies. Over 1.8 million became casualties. More Soviet soldiers died in the five-month battle than Americans … des Heeres , or OKH), were confident that the Soviet Union would fall within six weeks. At first, their …

… Lincoln, the voice of America's civil religion, led the Union into war against the seceded states to preserve the … out of all proportion to their military goals, and Union troops displaced non-combatants and pillaged and … consequences of a war driven by a certainty that infuses nationalism with spiritual meaning. He demonstrates the need …

… Atomic Energy Station exploded during a safety test in Soviet Ukraine in the early hours of April 26, 1986. The … the explosion, and were part of a much deeper rot in the Soviet system. Reactor #4 was a RBMK reactor, a Soviet model … that the image of technological ascendancy the Soviet Union wanted to project was a lie. Commitment to this image …

… ended up making clear that we now live in an era of supranationalism. The United States stands poised between wanting … vacate oil-rich Bakassi. Turkey wants to enter the European Union and accepts intense surveillance and hectoring … up turning Czarist Russia into a powerful nation of united soviet republics. The full flowering of nationalism came in …

… the region's global importance. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Central Asia has become an increasingly important pivot in international relations and economic development. These states …

… now a bustling metropolis was until quite recently a grim Soviet-style city. In fact, the city is recovering from a … Albania gained independence in 1912, Tirana became the new national capital in 1920, replacing Vlora in the country’s … With the revolutions of 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Democratic Party took power in 1992, and …

… One of the most beautiful parts of the former Soviet Union—Nagorno-Karabakh—has recently been scarred by violence … Piedmont-Sardinia was to Italy, i.e., a focal point for national unification. It was the princes ( meliks ) of these …

… it up—formed a major portion of daily life in the late Soviet Union. Despite decades of rhetoric in the West about the … to 20 millisieverts, several times higher than the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends. …

… made World War II memory central to contemporary Russian national identity. This talk explores how war remembrance … volume, entitled, "The Memory of the Second World War in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia", and a monograph entitled the … post-Soviet, the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In many ways war memory in Russia today draws on …

… power in 1917 as part of Lenin’s strategy to “appease the nationalists.” According to Putin, the United States … won. Their victory meant that Ukraine would be part of the Soviet Union until 1991. The period of war and revolution not only …

… the nuclear arms race was essential to preserving both international security and the quality of national life. Ignoring … hydrogen bombs. By 1972, the United States and the Soviet Union possessed enough nuclear warheads to explode the …

… launched its invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, international agencies such as the Food and Agriculture … world’s food supply.  In fact, since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine has returned to its pre-revolutionary …

… from foreign conflicts and entangling alliances to preserve national autonomy had shaped American policy since George … however, hardened early divisions between Western- and Soviet-occupied lands. Anxieties about the status of liberal … statement was less a genuine olive branch to the Soviet Union than a shrewd PR tactic. As State Department USSR …

… it was Nixon who radically improved relations with the Soviet Union. At an earlier stage in the Cold War, President … conservative Republicans to condemn him as undermining U.S. national security. Fifteen years later, Soviet-Chinese …

… talked. Between 1917 and 1923, its people lived through a national revolution, social revolution, foreign invasion, … in the final consolidation of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic .   Six years before, in March 1917, … … Connecting History … Ukraine … Russia … Former Soviet Union … World War I / WWI … Ukrainian Independence: From …

… an impassioned argument for answer C.  The collapse of the Soviet Empire and the start of America's so-called "War on … and published material from China, the former Soviet Union, Poland, former East Germany, the Czech Republic, … how they projected their vision of communism at the international level.  On the surface their game was lopsided — …

… slipped gradually into confrontation with the Soviet Union. Disputes over reparations, Berlin and the like called … mortal danger, massive challenge” could restore the national will and end the “crisis of belief.” George W. Bush …