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Heads of delegations at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21), which led to the signing of the Paris Agreement.

Looking for a Common Language at Copenhagen

… of solving a problem facing the entire world, the summit’s composition best resembles a hodgepodge of national-or what … so many players at the table, summit meetings like this one have come to resemble rowdy legislatures with their … called summits and even had “sherpas,” specially designated officials in each government who, like their Himalayan …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … patriotism, has unanimously passed an act, HR3077, to bring one group of experts, those in international studies, under … for use as a carrot to bring experts into line with official policies and use area studies as training programs …
Taliban fighters patrol the streets of Kabul in August, 2021.

Who are the Taliban?

… the Taliban now confront the challenge of governing this complex country and establishing a stable government. Since … art of guerrilla warfare in rural and mountainous terrain, one strand of the movement also developed a sophisticated … Still reeling from defeat in Viet Nam , American officials were keen to support groups who could deliver the …
This painting by Jean-Baptiste de Saive (1562) portrays the environment of the kitchen as a place of making. As Wall argues, the kitchen was one of the main spaces for women to create and experiment.

Kitchen Wisdom

Review of Recipes for Thought: Knowledge and Taste in the Early Modern English Kitchen, by Wendy Wall (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
… as a genre: “reading and writing recipes…offered practitioners the occasion for undertaking and scrutinizing nothing … of creating pleasure, remembering ancestors, establishing one’s legacy and identity, verifying truth, and even forging community. Recipes were not only for the creation of tasty …
These false killer whales were part of an MSE in Flinders Bay, Australia, July of 1986.

Washed Ashore: Marine Mammals from Medieval Times to Today

… and tied to ropes and anchors off the bay, left to decompose within the ecosystem. Europeans who lived in the … compare modern attitudes towards marine life to pre-modern ones, especially in a shared concern for scarcity and … by changing tides, especially in strong tidal rivers and at sites where beaches, sand bars, and other topographic …
ELAS Guerrillas, 1943

The Greek Civil War, 1946–1949

… The years 1940–1949 were ones of continuous horror for the Greek people. When the … coups d’état and dozens of governments. Although Greek communists had been a serious threat to all Greece’s … through the Balkans, Greece was also occupied and partitioned among Italian, German, and Bulgarian forces. The …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… Princeton six games to four (every score was considered one “game”). The teams had 25 players a side, and to the … but the game itself made no money. Men’s college basketball commenced with a similarly obscure contest.  In 1895 at … that he could have kept even if he quit football.” School officials told Waldrep that “they recruited me as a student, …
A pro-union demonstration in Romania, 2009. The flag translates to "Moldova Our Sister"

Moldova and Romania: A Long and Complicated Relationship

… Anderson famously defined nationalism as an “imagined community” binding together a widespread group of people … 1840s, Romanian nationalists portrayed Mihai’s mission as one centered on binding the Romanian nation together.  Of … Russian became both the lingua franca and declared the official language. Religion also became a target of …
Demolition of the former Penn Station concourse raised public awareness about preservation.

Choking Off Our Past

… showing where preservation dollars are going, whether the money is being used wisely and what is being overlooked that … the Lower East Side Tenement Museum in New York City to Acoma Sky City in New Mexico. NTHP activists are gathering in … current efforts aimed at protecting the Apollo 11 landing site and 106 pieces of equipment left at Tranquility Base on …
US Senator Mitt Romney of Utah.

The “Wall of Separation” Has Preserved Religion — Including Mormonism

… Romney who has it wrong, and in that remark he perpetuates one of the central myths of the religious right in our … City of Brotherly Love in the 1680s he did so without an official, “state” religion (in contrast with the … to the world that people of any religious faith would be welcome. To Penn we owe our freedom of religion. Penn was a …
Protesters with signs in support of immigrants: "We are all here thanks to immigrants", "If you don't want immigrants, stop destabilizing their countries"; "Defend DACA"

Honduras, TPS, and U.S. Policy

… Jessica Vinas-Nelson  Welcome to History Talk , the podcast that brings together a … this most recent crisis in historical context. On the phone, we have Professor Dana Frank, an expert in modern … then providing support for the military and the unelected officials in the civil government. So that happened, and …
On August 8, 1918, 17,000 German soldiers surrendered to the Allies.

November 11, 1918: The End of World War I?

… War . Or so the story goes. In January 1918, after forty-one months of combat, Allied troops were ready for a ceasefire, but they … capital cities, in town squares, at cemeteries and memorial sites throughout the world—for many an annual ritual—to … Milestones …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… history of oil is as much about social issues as economic ones. Empires and Anarchies argues that, “oil creates … had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for … pay and working conditions and that, in response, British officials encouraged Arab workers to organize and …
“The great financier, or British economy for the years 1763, 1764, 1765.” This British cartoon depicts the American colonies as a Native American woman, as juxtaposed to British officials and Britannia (far right), demonstrating the disconnect between the colonies and the metropole even though the colonists thought of themselves as full British subjects.

The Old Informing the New

Review of Rethinking America: From Empire to Republic, by John M. Murrin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018)
… American Revolution , and the Early American Republic. This compilation gathers together some of his important essays … as a Native American woman, as juxtaposed to British officials and Britannia (far right), demonstrating the … developed into a stable, Protestant, constitutional one. In the final analysis, Murrin argues that the clearest …
In Mauritania, Aissata Abdoul Diop shows how the maize ears have dried in the drought stricken garden, 2012. 

Hunger Is Not Eradicated: The Food Crisis in Africa

… history.”  The phrase “ global polycrisis ” captures the complexity of events driving up world hunger over the past … rapidly since the 1950s. The African Sahel countries face one of the most hostile climate situations in the world, one of the highest population growth rates in the world, and …
 Cover of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire by Steven Bryan.

All that Glitters Is Not Laissez-Faire

Review of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire, by Steven Bryan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)
… Until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the combination of new technology with the "classically liberal" philosophy of laissez-faire and the "universal money" of the gold standard, created the conditions for a … from Stalin's brutal attempt at forging "socialism in one country" to the benign aegis of the Bretton Woods …
soldiers patrolling in Iraq

The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 10 Years Later

… we—and how should we—remember this war? Tactically, it was one of the most successful military operations in history, … the war as an overwhelming victory. Within only twenty-one days’ time, an enemy army of some 400,000 men dissipated … with a willful misleading of the public, and a war that committed a democratic nation’s armed forces to a …
A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681

Hostage Taking in Algeria Is a 200-Year-Old Story

… The State Department is probably very pleased with the outcome of last week’s hostage crisis in Algeria, although … Dozens of militants and hostages, including at least one American, were killed during a series of attacks by the …   The sketchy coverage is an important reason why American officials may be happy. History shows that when hostage …
Illustration of Agnes Sampson speaking to the Devil in human form. From The History of Witches and Wizards (1720).

The Execution of Agnes Sampson for Witchcraft in Edinburgh

… help when confronted with life’s more trying circumstances. One was the local priest, who was unlikely to offer more … “North Berwick Witches” tried with her is exceptionally complex, involving politics, religion, magic, and conspiracy … negotiations to marry Princess Anne of Denmark.  James’ official marriage to Anne was accomplished in absentia, in …
March on Washington

The Unfinished Struggle: Civil Rights and the March on Washington

… On August 28th, America will commemorate the anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The march was one of the largest political protest gatherings in U.S. … the problem of underrepresentation for black elected officials who account for a dismal 1.7% of the total elected …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages and its 1962 census recorded residents … Indian film industry beyond Bollywood is. My top 10 list is one that celebrates regional cinema made in vernacular …