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Nanci Pelosi standing at a podium with many people behind and beside her

The Contentious ACA

… the United States—specifically the Affordable Care Act, also known pejoratively and positively as "Obamacare." Is the label "socialist" a kiss of death? Does the ACA move away from the … aging and veterans  in the U.S. healthcare system. ( Image Source ) …
Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… while barely out of college, then, after his sojourn in Europe, decided to rebuild it – continuously. Monticello was … the masses.   This seems like clear hypocrisy, but it also points to the deep ambivalence in the American mind between … sacrificing what he called “the pursuit of happiness,” embodied in nothing so much as our national pursuit of real …
Theatrical poster for the American release of the 1952 film High Noon

War with Iraq: The Movie

… greatest of the genre, “High Noon.”Ý Bush may be drawing lessons from the wrong Hollywood flick, though, for American … a villain and his henchmen threaten the safety of a western community, whose cowardly citizens cringe in the face of … Lebanon to save it from destructive fighting, American soldiers became the targets of warring parties; 241 Marines …

Treaties and Sovereign Performances, from Westphalia to Standing Rock

… Bakken oil-shale region in western North Dakota to a tank complex in Illinois. Its route crosses the Missouri River … by the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, Germany. Before 1648, European states theoretically had to share authority with … of Tears in Oklahoma. An estimated 3,500 Native Americans died along the 1,200 mile journey. Indian treaty-makers did …

Avoiding the Scourge of War: The Challenges of United Nations Peacekeeping

… psychological aid to those traumatized by rape, child soldiering, and other atrocities. Unlike during … now necessitates more than establishing weapons collection points and observing demobilization. Peacekeepers must … entities—the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), …
A pro-union demonstration in Romania, 2009. The flag translates to "Moldova Our Sister"

Moldova and Romania: A Long and Complicated Relationship

… supporter of the Republic of Moldova, its citizens, and its European integration.”  Iohannis also underscored Moldova’s … Romanians under the Voivode Mihai the Brave. Bălcescu, a soldier, historian, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian … many asses.”  Lucian Boia, a prominent Romanian historian, points out that these accounts lack any mention of Romanian …

A New View of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From Needs and Narratives to Negotiation

… amidst a low-water mark in U.S.-Israeli relations. He also left a country that was experiencing a new round of … Political administrations have changed and negotiators have come and gone but the conflict between Israelis and … by Viennese journalist Theodor Herzl. Convinced that Europe would never rid itself of anti-Semitism, he called …
American Anti-Slavery Society, 1837

Revisiting Long Histories of the Reparations Debate

Review of Reparations for Slavery and The Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History, by Ana Lucia Araujo (New York City: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2017)
… enslaved Africans generated tremendous wealth for an elite community of slave owners, slave traders, and political rulers in Europe, West Africa, and Atlantic societies. Simultaneously, formerly enslaved individuals and … for Slavery and The Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History , by Ana Lucia Araujo (New York City: …

Syria's Islamic Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising

… population walked out of the Istanbul meeting as well, complaining that the SNC had no intention of setting up a … the proposed Transitional Authority in Syria, evoked the medieval Islamic ceremony of swearing public allegiance to the … that the SNC had pandered to the United States and Europe while abandoning the fighters on the ground. At the …

The Soccer World Goes to South Africa: Sport and the Making of Modern Africa

… for protest: sport. The major international sport bodies acted, albeit slowly. When their calls for … exclusively on events in the developed West (especially Europe and North America). This is a function of the sample … is a very difficult thing, let alone going to look for the website of FIFA to apply for a ticket. It is going to block …
The Terra Cotta Warriors: Xi’an’s most famous attraction

A Postcard from Xi’an: Balancing Past and Future

… significance, Xi’an is one of the most valuable resources for understanding China from the Neolithic period to … it’s a Daoist mountain to the east, a Buddhist reliquary complex to the west, or the tomb-speckled hillside to the … of the Silk Road , where foreign traders from as far as Europe and the Arabian Peninsula would exchange goods for …

Ideology or Ethnicity? The Israeli Political Crisis

… the Supreme Court and amidst growing public criticism. To compound the confusion, Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu, sitting … despite a host of long-standing divisions in Israeli society—for example, divisions over territorial compromise … while those in upper classes are more likely to be Jews of European origin (Ashkenazi Jews, or Ashkenazim). The Ethnic …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… Family Development, and “Nazra” Association for Feminist Studies. The coalition was effective in organizing against the … educational institutions), harmonizing faith and reason, European ideals with Islamic concepts, and creating what … of the Network of Women's Rights Organizations in Egypt, points to disagreements over basic frames of reference among …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… UN weapons inspectors be given months or even a year to complete further investigations in that country, President … critical public. Huge anti-war rallies held in American and Europeans cities on February 14 gave the Bush Administration … President Bush’s overall approval rating had dropped 10 points in just one month, and 44% disapproved of his overall …
Bruce Lee

The Original Street Fighting Man

Review of Striking Distance: Bruce Lee and the Dawn of Martial Arts in America, by Charles Russo Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press, 2016)
… Charles Russo’s Striking Distance distinguishes itself from the many … arts. Beginning in 1954 at the age of thirteen Lee studied the Wing Chun style of kung fu in Hong Kong under … after Lee challenged anyone who doubted his word to come to his studio in Oakland. Russo makes his case by …
The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman Book Cover

The Jamestown Project

Review of The Jamestown Project, by Karen Ordahl Kupperman (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007)
… Historians have come to love the milestone anniversaries of significant … of English efforts, however belated compared to other European powers, to enter the world stage and expand its … underway proposing settlements in Ireland, the West Indies, Guiana, Newfoundland, and New England. Jamestown was …
The Course of Empire: Destruction, Painted by Thomas Cole, depicts a highly dramatic, catastrophic image of Rome's end.

Political Economy in the Late Roman Empire

Review of The Tragedy of Empire: From Constantine to The Destruction of Roman Italy, by Michael Kulikowski (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… reacted against this academic trend, reminding their audience (who likely had not heard otherwise) that Rome really … decline and chaos in the Western Empire (parts of Western Europe and Northern Africa) though not in the East (the … in church politics, while Julian flounders after becoming augustus and Jovian emerged as the first “compromise …
Two vials of modern insulin named Actrapid (left) and NovoRapid (right) by the manufacturers.

The First Insulin Injection as a Treatment for Diabetes

… a chronic condition that can have serious, life-threatening complications if left untreated. Diabetes is caused when the … endpoint in the development of medical treatment. It also raised lasting bioethical questions over how to ensure … concoctions of herbs and seeds and, by the 18th century, dietary changes. In 1870, French pharmacist Apollinaire …
The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks book cover.

The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain

Review of The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006)
… sex, drugs, and financial and electoral manipulation have become mainstays in political reportage. From Watergate to … thoroughly and a few others not defined at all. A general audience, not familiar with historical terms from the British … empire "has been the erasure of empire from the history of Europe," 3 or how scholars have neglected the centrality of …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … (such as fruit, coffee, and beef) to the United States and Europe. The populist politicians were able to capture the … (most likely killed by the military that dropped their bodies in the shark infested ocean). Furthermore, declassified …
"Gay Liberation" by George Segal

Stonewall and the Unfinished Gay Revolution

… an uprising at New York’s Stonewall Inn. The event has become iconic in popular memory as the spark for a new radical … Stonewall’s wake, a Gay Liberation movement galvanized gay communities nationwide and its anniversary has become a … their mood ugly, and instead of acquiescing to arrest, some of the crossdressers pushed back.  A "raided premises" …
a Galapagos sea turtle swimming in the ocean

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old.
… devoid of animal or plant life. This initial isolation, combined with its location at the confluence of three … of tortoises were all extinct. As dramatic as what these Europeans took from the islands was what they left behind. … sexual arousal and copulation to rearing, socializing, and diet. For example, since tortoises’ sex is …