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Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… one day after the author's arrival. ( United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees ) We came to Greece with only a … for "Tide," "Gillette," or "Pampers." (American brand names largely served as our lingua franca.) Although I speak a …

The Roots of Venezuela's Failing State

… in 2016. Diphtheria, once thought eradicated, has made a comeback . By some estimates, 2.5 million people have left … Dissatisfied with the economic situation and a discredited political establishment, voters opted for the … packed the courts , filled the ranks of the military with loyalists and integrated the armed forces into politics , …
British Fleet Spanish Armada of 1588

1588: the Spanish Armada Still Loses

… finally clashed. Looking beyond the events of 1588 to the complex politics which made war between England and Spain … Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Welcome to 1588: The Spanish Armada Still Loses, brought to you … of the Royal Navy at Portsmouth for 600,000 pounds. The site of these eight fire ships, careering towards the …
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining spoken dialogue with music, song, and dance. For … Man in the Moon," from Evangeline, or The Belle of Acadia. Composer Edward E. Rice and librettist J. Cheever Goodwin … serve to explore character motivations, highlight key themes, and advance the plot. But it was only in the early …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … decorated Indian film with as many as 19 awards to its credit. The wheels of Indian justice system grind slowly and … Indian national film awards. 10. Village Rockstars (Assamese, 2018) Film poster for Village Rockstars (2018). In a …
Cover of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals by David SchefferDavid S

Bringing Evil to Justice

Review of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals, by David Scheffer (NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… a test of how well the United States, and the international community could create institutions of governance after the … Following the Yugoslav Tribunal a series of ad hoc war crimes tribunals were created: for Rwanda (1994), Sierra Leone … Hague. Meanwhile the Bush administration's hybrid "military commissions," while failing to meet the procedural norms of …
Employees operating a testing center at the Walmart Supercenter in Elizabethville, PA, August, 2020.

Licenses to Ill: Health Passes and Surveillance

… A common response to the COVID-19 epidemic worldwide has been … were not made exempt from further scrutiny. Just the opposite: they actually shouldered additional burdens of … to be fully integrated with the country’s “social credit system,” meaning one’s health score will be largely …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Between Black and White: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Betw-een Black and -white: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations Despite the … In the absence of the psychological and political prerequisites, organizing an Afro-Brazilian mass movement may prove …
the cover of a Captain America comic book

Captain America: Changing Conscience of a Nation

… and artist Jack Kirby in the eponymous Captain America Comics #1 , the patriotic hero became a breakout star for … It was a version of this Captain America that formed the loyal opposition in major storylines like the massive … II, Captain America waded into national debates with sometimes blunt force. Since the 1960s, his stories have reflected …
Raising a Flag over the Reichstag by Yevgeny Khaldei (1945).

The Living Ghosts of the Second World War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… and Neo-Nazis” who, backed by their NATO allies, were committing “genocide” against Russians.  In justifying the … destruction.  No monument was built at Babyn Yar , the site of the mass murder of tens of thousands of the Jews of … the heroism of the Soviet war effort a fascist had both domestic and international repercussions. Domestically, TV …

Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American … trade in the 1930s, much of the world headed the opposite direction. Great Britain sought to protect homegrown … Republican Party, compared American support for the IMF to “pouring money down a rat hole.” In 1936 and in 1940, the …

NATO's New Order: The Alliance After the Cold War

… and dangerous, amplifying the sense of tension and competition across Europe and strengthening the sense of … changes that NATO underwent during these decades were the times it expanded its membership, adding Greece and Turkey to … of its former allies wished to return to the position of client to their eastern neighbor, should Russian power and …
1864 depiction of the Fort Pillow Massacre in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper

Ten Moments of White Supremacist Violence in U.S. History

… the Civil Rights Movement, the Klan bombed activists’ homes and churches and murdered those sympathetic to civil … Battle of Fort Pillow in Tennessee, Confederates under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest fulfilled this … reverse the legislature’s refusal to enfranchise black men. Coming just two months after a massacre in Memphis, TN, the …
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… united in a struggle for civil and political rights, they comprise various tribal affiliations and speak different … are adherents of the Yazidi faith, a religion that shares common elements with Christianity, Islam, and … of Kurdish ethnic self-awareness, and the socialist message of the Soviet Union strongly resonated among many …

Singapore at Fifty

… From a meagre population of 150 when the British East India Company first set up a factory and trading post on the … the British Far East, known as Malaya. Capital investments poured into Malaya to finance the extraction of tin and oil … of the Boeing 747 in 1970, which had two and a half times the carrying capacity of its largest predecessor and a …

Hong Kong in Protest

… who they really are as they spend years undercover on opposite sides of the battle between the Hong Kong Police Force … returned home but evaded murder charges because he committed the crime outside of Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. He … the turmoil, wealthy merchants and ordinary subjects poured into the relative safety of Hong Kong. In 1898, …
Six founders of the Algerian FLN: Rabah Bitat, Mostefa Ben Boulaïd, Didouche Mourad, Mohammed Boudiaf, Krim Belkacem and Larbi Ben M'Hidi, 1954

The Evian Accords: An Uncertain Peace

… That paper, simply entitled “Declarations Drawn up in Common Agreement,” was signed in a town on the French side … anticolonial war for Algerian independence that has since become immortalized in popular imagination by such cinematic … that the military could quell what were considered to be domestic disturbances by terrorists. French soldiers patrol …
Hitler with politicians

The Nazis Take Poland and the Start of World War II

… of the German Army moved out of their encampments and into combat. It was the beginning of a war over the future of … Pact, between Germany and its ideological arch-nemesis, the Soviet Union, on August 23, 1939. In a secret … Polish soil and in the ensuing six years Poland became the site of a majority of German concentration camps. Though it …
The aurora borealis over the Arctic

Climate Change, Russia, and the Race for the Arctic

… international race for the arctic . He tells us about the complex and perhaps explosive historical dimensions of … Jeffrey Dunifon. Thanks for being on the show, Nick and welcome.   Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Thank you so much, Patrick. …   There's something called the UN Law of the Sea, sometimes called LOST, its acronym Law of the Sea Treaty, which I …

Avoiding the Scourge of War: The Challenges of United Nations Peacekeeping

… On July 1, 2011, the United Nations welcomed its newest member. South Sudan's January referendum on … reforms, civil reconstruction, protection of heritage sites, and financial reform. Peacekeeping missions became … of 8,000 Bosnian Muslim boys and men by Bosnian Serbs discredited UNPROFOR and disgraced the international community. …

Charles Darwin’s American Adventure: A Melodrama in Three Acts

… according to the International Darwin Day Foundation website. Born on February 12, 1809, Darwin published his … 2009, with events sponsored by national and state "Lincoln Commissions," and because of the remarkable presidential … could do better than the animals. This, after all, was the message of the Scriptures, according to Social Gospelers. In …
Top view of person serving themself a rice dish from a table of food

Food for Thought: Diet in History

… in the sense that because it's so everyday, because it's so common, historians of the past tend to overlook it in favor … means that you can have priests and kings and warriors. Domestication of animals, which is probably far more fateful … Sokolsky. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at origins.osu.edu, …
Portrait photograph of woman, boy and two dogs, ca. 1890s.

How Dogs Became Our Faithful Family Companions

… were often labeled luxuriant leeches. However, by 1900, the common dog was a faithful companion and beloved family member. While not everyone … to wild hedgehogs and rambunctious dogs—lived in British homes by the mid-19th century. Dogs were at this phenomenon’s …