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Who Owns the Nile? Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia’s History-Changing Dam

… surreptitiously acquired from Stratfor, the Texas security company, revealing Egyptian and Sudanese plans to build an … navigated until 1968 by a team of British and Ethiopian soldiers and civilians equipped by the Royal Military College … Ethiopia is now making up for lost time. One of the tallest dams in the world was completed in 2009 on the Tekeze …
Barry Goldwater in 1964.

The History of the “Right Wing Conspiracy”

… They argue that the Monica Lewinsky matter would never have come up save for the lawsuit filed by Paula Jones. … that the government was 60 percent under the control of the Communists. Kennedy’s speeches condemning the rise of a … to this radical right as well. Kennedy benefited from the comparison. His poll numbers soon rose. The Goldwater …
Chinese women putting up posters on a wall

Modern China and Its Institutions

Review of Making China Modern: From the Great Qing to Xi Jinping, by Klaus Mühlhahn (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… (1644-1912) to the present day. The book attempts to accomplish two tasks. First, it provides a general history of … wants to rewrite the general history of China for a broad audience, while emphasizing institutions’ role in regime … in the field. Although it is written with a more general audience in mind, Making China Modern is far too long because …
A U.S. Marine Corporal looks through a sniping rifle during a training in California in 2001.

Don’t Compare America Now With Britain Then

… and means to maintain its present overseas positions and commitments, it will fail, as did Great Britain in the late … cuts in defense might render the United States unwilling to commit forces to one region in fear of leaving other regions … The current international political environment is hardly comparable to the one that existed between the two world …
The other side of The Shore, depicting the Maritime House, third from the left. The former headquarters of the National Seamen’s Union are now flats.

A Postcard from Leith, Scotland

… your right, you will encounter the upscale whiskey house, complete with nineteenth-century stone walls that feature … decision to list the building. The Banana Flats once embodied everything that Edinburgh felt was wrong with Leith. … the National Records of Scotland, 1,187 people in Scotland died from drug-related causes in 2018 alone. In a population …

Human Rights at a Crossroads

… to question the authority of international governing bodies. His campaign slogan, “Make America Great Again,” is a … those who see the need for international governing bodies and those who think only national self-interest should … U.S. soldiers just as they were returning from overseas combat ( left ). The opening session of the League of …
From the 2011 UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, South Africa.

Top Ten Origins: Climate Change

… gasses drove rapid changes in global climate. Faster computers and better climate models have improved forecasts … temperature trend has been confirmed by many subsequent studies. The Earth is already warming. The ten hottest years … devastated the country and displaced millions. Several studies have pointed to both a regional drought and a global …
The South Korean flag in Seoul, South Korea.

The Impeachment of Roh Moo-hyun and the Patterns of South Korean Politics

… different parties have gained the 20 seats necessary to become a “negotiation group”—a parliamentary caucus that holds … towards the president or the party leader, are the most common cause of this cycle of division and integration.  … its illegality, nor its decriminalization, rose to become animating factors for any party.  Lately, issues of …
A portrait of Slobodan Milosevic

Glory and the New World Order

… of years the kings of Europe sought glory through a combination of military victories like Lepanto, the great … beyond that of ordinary men, not just gangsters with soldiers and money. And so just like those European kings they … involvement in brutal local wars in which some U.S. soldiers, sailors and airmen, and many enemy civilians, would …
Pledge of Allegiance plaque

When Congress Tampers with the Court’s Independence

… the American people that the federal courts would not become oppressive, the framers of the Constitution argued that … Supreme Court consideration. John Marshall, who would become chief justice and do more than anyone to make the … of the authority to hear the case. The Pledge controversy comes at a time in the nation's history when fear of …
NASA marks Earth Day’s 50th anniversary.

“Give Earth a Chance”: Earth Day and the Politics of Modern Environmentalism

… emerged as a spokesperson for a diverse global movement to combat the climate crisis following a spate of … Dream was a “cruel hoax.” She went on to shock her audience when she pledged never to have children. “I have … shown for the problems in the environment,” he told his audience. “That is why I plan to see to it that a national …
A map showing China and the United States

Another Cold War? China This Time?

… governments must do the restraining. But it is very easy, and often politically rewarding, just to let the leash … who were then fighting the founders of today’s communist government, a deployment almost unknown to … throw of Chinese territory, an estimated 260,000 Chinese soldiers poured across the border to push them and their allies …
Grover Cleveland, painted by Anders Zorn in 1899

The Politics of Civility

… recede. In their place emerged a fierce brand of political combat that regarded private life as a legitimate field of … of their leaders, but instead as easily manipulable commodities whose penchant for irrational judgment required …
Anti-draft protest outside the Department of Justice in 1967.

The Draft — for Democracy

… afford to do so continued their education, while their compatriots with lesser means often found themselves … service rates by African Americans, from the Buffalo Soldiers of the nineteenth century through World War II, … close to the breaking point. There now may not be enough soldiers to fulfill all the assigned missions. If the Bush …
The culminating moment of Alice, when the pretense of power is exposed and collapses. Carroll was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the tools of logical thinking so that they would not be the victims of demagogues and ideologies.

Everyone’s Inner Child Turns 150 Years Old

… our own purposes as well. Zombie Alice at 2014 New York ComicCon. Cosplaying is one way people have taken ownership … what the painful and even fatal consequences were of disobedience. Carroll, however, was on the side of the child, an … was very concerned throughout his life with giving a wide audience of people, not just his Christ Church students, the …
Lt. Cmdr. Raben Talvo (left), and Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Angela Ramirez (right) administer the San Diego Naval Medical Center's first monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment to a COVID-19-positive patient, January 26, 2021.

The Rhyme of History: What the Black Death tells us about COVID-19’s Aftermath

… to Mark Twain, “it often rhymes.” Indeed, few historical comparisons make more compelling verse than the COVID-19 … allows us to speculate about the aftermath of COVID-19 . Medieval Eurasian Trade Routes, with the red lines indicating … down the social scale, signaling the final death knell of medieval feudalism. In the end, rather than proving an …

Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… threaten the cultural makeup of Europe due to the alleged incompatibility of the Islamic faith of the majority of new … linguistic, and religious differences? No conclusive studies compare Eastern and Western European attitudes toward … that when the world does not act, enormous human tragedies can occur. Arrival of Czech refugees in Prague, October …
“Aux amateurs de physique.” Likewise portraying the Tuileries flight, this cartoon mocks the unwashed masses who wished to see the spectacle without a ticket, but the scaling of the garden walls also illustrates how the balloon as a “people-machine” ignited the determination of the poorer, disempowered social strata to overcome restraints imposed on them by the authoritarian regime.

Public Perceptions: Ballooning and Political Culture

Review of The Imagined Empire: Balloon Enlightenments in Revolutionary Europe, by Mi Gyung Kim (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016)
… below portrays the craft as a “king-machine” that embodies the monarchy’s obligation to watch over its subjects … of the poorer, disempowered social strata to overcome restraints imposed on them by the authoritarian regime. …
The floor seal of the Central Intelligence Agency

Getting Others to Fight Our Wars

… United States. Sometimes, in fact, we try to hide our hand completely. For example, the administration frankly says it … U.S. money, supplies and advisers plus South Vietnamese soldiers was not a winning combination. Then Washington sent … Nixon promise. Two years later, with North Vietnamese soldiers overrunning South Vietnam and storming the U.S. …
U.S. Army Officers wearing their “Pinks-and-Greens,” 1943. (Library of Congress)

Throwback Army: World War II-Style Uniforms for Today’s Soldiers

… in meeting recruiting goals. Old and New Uniforms in Comparison: Modern-day reenactors (left and center) wearing … roots, but the uniform soon became unpopular among many soldiers. The Army leadership was forced to find a replacement … just three years after it was finally distributed to all soldiers in 2015. U.S. Army Soldiers wearing the Blue Army …

American Presidential Scandals

… A tweet from the Richard Nixon Presidential Library after comparisons were made between Nixon and President Trump when the latter fired the Director of the FBI, James Comey. The High Bar The ubiquitous, unfathomable ur-scandal … so narrowly as to separate intent or conspiracy to commit treasonous acts from the actual commission of such …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… work begun some 30 years earlier by the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR) of the League of Nations . Created on June 27, 1921, the position of High Commissioner was subsequently offered to the Norwegian … to the Status of Refugees did non-European refugees come to be defined in the same way. In both cases, the …
Cygnet, Ohio, in Wood County was a booming oil town with 13 saloons and many workers when this photo was taken in 1885.

An Energy Plan for You!

… Dwight D. Eisenhower and Republican legislators took unbecomingly large financial contributions from the appreciative … seen whether George W. will allow his administration to be completely captured by his fossil fuel buddies. Eisenhower, in fact, ended up vetoing the deregulation …