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Re-mapping American Politics: The Redistricting Revolution Fifty Years Later

… thereby over-ruling earlier decisions that courts were not competent to decide such political questions. Two years … v. Green (1946), where the Court—reflecting its hands-off approach to the question of districting—declined to … to Chicago. That basic split only deepened during the 1930s and 1940s, when Chicago became one of the most strongly …
Painted poster of Saddam Hussein riddled with bullet holes in 2003.

Hybrid Justice for Hussein

… that efforts to establish an international judicial system will erode national sovereignty, usurp domestic courts and … former leaders have been brought to account for misdeeds committed while in office. But there are obstacles to trying Saddam before a …
Clarence Thomas

Top Ten Origins: Controversial SCOTUS Nominees

… John Marshall’s seat, he was able at long last to overcome the strong objection of the Whigs during his third, and … it should be “so emphatically rejected that its parallel will never again be presented to the free representatives of … in  West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish  (1937). 6. Justice Thurgood Marshall (1967) Thurgood Marshall (pictured with Lyndon …
Soldiers from 3rd Infantry Division provide perimeter security for Iraqi policemen at a traffic control point in Tikrit, Iraq.

The Limits of Shock and Awe

… if they just discharged their muskets, "the very smoake will bee sufficient to affright them." Unfortunately, Smith … Smith returned to England, proclaiming his mission accomplished; but the Virginia Indian wars lasted for decades. … Giulio Douchet, an Italian advocate of air power in the 1930s. Sounding like a contemporary defense analyst, Douchet …
Poster that says, "Resist," at a Yale University anti-draft rally in 1968.

The Political Costs of Filling the Ranks

… The Pentagon has announced that troop levels in Iraq will remain at 135,000 until the end of 2005. Thus, with the … Iraq war’s heaviest fighting and as images of flag-draped coffins and tortured prisoners remind us of Vietnam, we have … a result, thousands of men openly defied draft laws and welcomed prosecution. And tens of thousands evaded the draft by …
October 23, 1983, a massive explosion ripped through the barracks of the battalion landing team (BLT) of the 24th Marine Amphibious Unit at the Beirut International Airport.

Middle East Remains Unstable 30 Years after Attacks on Peacekeepers in Lebanon

… killed 58 French paratroopers. The deadly attacks happened 30 years ago this month; from then until now, U.S. policy … to achieve stability in the Middle East in the face of complex, multi-faceted challenges. With atrocities now … with Gemayel’s faction, the peacekeeping forces remained officially neutral. However, in September, during …
Cover of A Strange Stirring The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s by Stephanie Coontz.

A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s

Review of A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s, by Stephanie Coontz (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… possibly want anything more than to see their children off safely to school, to take care of their husbands after a … group of white, educated, middle-class women were overcome with a sense of gratitude. Friedan had explained their … mate, these women would eventually be told that becoming a good housewife required giving up on any other aspirations. …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… a supply network for the Contras that could operate off the books. Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, … as a blueprint for his thinking on presidential power” (304). The play-by-play description of the arms deals and …
The colorful buildings of Tirana, viewed from the steps of the National Museum.

A Postcard from Tirana: Overcoming the Past

… dotted with reminders of this past, but the residents welcome visitors with true Albanian hospitality and intend to … continuously inhabited since the Bronze Age, it was not officially established as a town until 1614, when a mosque, … of Albania, and after an intense battle in the capital against the occupying Nazi forces, the communists …
A contractor for the U.S. Army kicking in a door during Operation IRAQI FREEDOM.

From King George the Third to the Third President George: Mercenaries are Still a Bad Idea

… Time, transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the Works of Death, Desolation, and Tyranny already … largest of a number of firms providing between 20,000 and 30,000 private security guards in Iraq — what Jefferson … to protect; and they want to get paid. If someone else offers them more money, they might quit the job they now …
View of the Solovetskii Monastery.

A Postcard from Solovki

… stand at the bow of the ferry as the water of the White Sea comes in wave after wave through the hole in the gunwale for … profitable fishing industry. And then in the 1920s and 1930s, the monastery became the stage for one of the darkest … structures, or perhaps more importantly, why. Solovki offers its own prehistoric stone structures. On the …
The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson Book Cover.

Capturing a Moment

Review of The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… my professor is onto something. Patterson shares with other commentators the feeling that 1965 was a “pivot” or a … that they were distracted by televised sports and Christmas shopping. At the height of his popularity in early 1965, … first case, the violent confrontation between white Selma officials and nonviolent civil rights protestors attempting …
A photo of Al Gore I\in Manchester, New Hampshire, campaigning for President of the United States in 1999

The Case of the Disappearing Vice President

… few who were wise and wealthy enough to put public good ahead of private gain. The Constitutional Convention … votes for president. But he looked like a backwoods ruffian compared with the venerable John Quincy Adams. So elite … praised his “gracious” exit speech, and then swept him off the stage of history. The New York Times’s Thomas …
Taxation without Representation, Suffrage Collection.

Death, Taxes, and the American Founders

… the need for savings versus the need for resources for the common good.  For many of today's issues — such as Internet … the deceased's first son) and entail (allowing families to will property that could never be divided or sold), along …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
Flag of the People's Republic of China

With Enemies Like These…

… as they have from the furor last summer triggered by comments about Beijing’s human rights record made by Bob … with the Chinese Communist leaders threatening to break off negotiations with Disney for the building of … (in China and other countries), but on the whole 1996 was good for the company’s image and Beijing deserves much of …
President Edelmiro Farrell (left) and the Vice President and Colonel Juan Perón, in April 1945.

Argentina’s Day of Loyalty and the Birth of Peronism

… for nothing less than a total redefinition of the social compact. Peronism permeated and penetrated all aspects of … The government abided, even agreeing to broadcast it on the official radio network. The following day Perón delivered … connection between him and laborer, stating “From today I will feel a true Argentine pride because I interpret this …

What's in a Name?: The Meaning of 'Muslim Fundamentalist'

… perceive that reality. In so doing the words we use also become a part of the world we are trying to understand. One … a dangerous "other" against which all men and women of good will can unite. "We" can use it to say who we are not … the less "mischief" it can make. When senior government officials gave commencement addresses at the Naval Academy, …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… return to it.” This agreement continued the work begun some 30 years earlier by the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR) of the League of Nations . …

From Gaza to Jerusalem: Is the Two State Solution under Siege?

… demands to inspect the cargo they carried, and Israeli navy commandos boarded the vessels before the boats pulled into … underdog triumph of an embattled, small community warding off invading Arab armies, and ending 2000 years of Jewish … in the past two decades, not uniformly in one "bad" or "good" direction. Less than 20 years ago, Israel viewed the …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… but the game itself made no money. Men’s college basketball commenced with a similarly obscure contest.  In 1895 at … players were pocketing up to $650 a year in the early 1930s.  Popular reporter Westbrook Pegler wrote that the … that he could have kept even if he quit football.” School officials told Waldrep that “they recruited me as a student, …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference in Holland in 1964.

Asking Martin Luther King…

… talking about Martin Luther King, one of the questions most commonly asked is: “What would Dr. King say about…?” The … vehicles in the question: “What Would Jesus Drive?” Scoffers avoid the moral weight of the question by offering … still plagued by hunger, poverty, terrorism, and war. It will not do to ignore the question, because we can aspire to …