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The Fire of Rome, 18 July 64 AD, Oil on Canvas, Robert Hubert, 1785. In the Musee des Beaux-Arts Andre Malraux; Le Havre, France.

The Great Fire of Rome

… fire have long been questioned and debated, the academic community generally blames poor circumstances for Rome’s … , clubbed their way against the flood of fleeing plebeians; some fought the flames, others looted the abandoned … from his imagination.  Tacitus, ever the skeptic in comparison, posited a different conclusion. In the absence …
Image of Jimmy Carter during his ‘Malaise’ Speech.

Should Obama Deliver Another ‘Malaise’ Speech?

… transportation whenever you can, to park your car one extra day per week, to obey the speed limit, and to set your … to think about the balance between individual wants and common goals.   What was the effect of Carter's speech? Some have interpreted it as showing a generation of …
Image of President Carter displayed in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC. Portrait by Robert Templeton.

Obama Can Learn from Jimmy Carter, Too

… transportation whenever you can, to park your car one extra day per week, to obey the speed limit, and to set your … to think about the balance between individual wants and common goals.   What was the effect of Carter’s speech? Some have interpreted it as showing a generation of …
Evo Morales in 2006.

Once More, Bolivians Seek Independence

… are only make things worse. America’s goals in Bolivia come down to two things: limiting the production of cocaine … The target of the demonstrations, in which soldiers shot some 70 protesters, was a government plan to export natural … national resources that will benefit the country. Bolivians compared the recent protests to the most famous rebellion in …
Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” Speech.

How Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” Speech Still Matters

… didn't move beyond their own self interest and embrace a common good. He called on Americans to unify themselves … a war. "Every act of energy conservation is more than just common sense — I tell you it is an act of patriotism."   … after the speech, Carter's poll numbers shot up, something that rarely happened during his presidency. He got …
Campaign poster attacking Cleveland's morals.

Morality and Presidential Elections

… in office serve as concrete proof of this. Admittedly, some social critics claim that Clinton's election and … the scandals of the Clinton administration may have some effect on voter behavior this fall. But not …
The Dalai Lama waves to a crowd during a visit to the Netherlands in the 1980s.

Hong Kong and Tibet

… As China completes its takeover of Hong Kong, it should be remembered … writing — would retain its own laws, customs and economy. Some forty years ago, Tibetans were given almost the same … spiritual leader, to take actions that made him a little uncomfortable (just as they have already directed Hong Kong’s …

Updating ‘No Child Left Behind:’ Change, or More of the Same

… of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT). Weingarten complains that the administration's plans "put 100 percent … on teacher and school accountability has its origins to some extent in this African-American civil-rights activism. … those of the school-focused activists, but they have also come to loggerheads—as they have done most recently. …

Making Sense of the 'Hermit Kingdom': North Korea in the Nuclear Age

… significant opposition, the Bush administration quickly complied with the terror-list demand (in return for certain … dispute was now resolved. "I am profoundly disappointed," complained Florida Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen. "By … creating trouble just when it seems to be at its weakest, sometimes even taking bellicose action against the West …
Tanks rolling off a German assembly line in 1943

The Nature of World War II

… war also remade landscapes far from battlefields—through extraction, transport, processing, and pollution, but also … in continents far removed from the conflict because of the compelling demand that war creates for forest and … sonar, assembly-line house construction, and the first computers. New “machines of wizardry,” David Lilienthal …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This … benefits from the current U.S. policy? Critics will feel something is being done. Clinton will seem like an activist president without committing himself to very much. And the Tibetans? In …
The South Carolina State Capitol.

Trent Lott Should Be History

… as Martin Luther King said, "has its place." It is due some respect. Or Lott might have paid tribute to Thurmond as … Internet and Sunday morning television pundits buzzed with commentary about it. The Washington Post's David Broder said … President Bush has appointed talented African Americans to some of the nation's highest offices. Senate Republicans …
Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.

Another Great Depression?

… Here's why.   The Great Depression was the result of the combination of the 1929 financial crisis and serious … It was pumped up by over-lending by banks and financial companies and over-borrowing by Wall Street. Rising interest … were living in severe poverty. Consumer credit provided some purchasing power to those in society's bottom half, but …
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… — supposedly for peaceful energy purposes. But Iran kept some of its nuclear development secret until it was … weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … Rice stated that the United States was considering some level of direct contact with Iran concerning security …
 Reagan in 1982.

Measuring Reagan for Greatness

… of all time, just ahead of Abraham Lincoln. However, some of the other rankings in the top ten — Bill Clinton … immortality. A better approach than polling is to compare Reagan with past presidents who are now regarded as … Reagan left office. Great presidents are also effective communicators. Lincoln was the finest speechmaker in …
Michelle Obama speaks at the 2008 Democratic National Convention

Superdelegates: An Obstacle on the Road to Democratic Elections

… factor. Each superdelegate will wield the equivalent of some 10,000 Democratic voters in 2008, a disparity in power … and make their own choices free from the influence of the common people. Instead, nearly all states allowed the … the voter and the official a political machine with a complicated system of caucuses and conventions, by the easy …
Cartoon by Ali Delim in honor of 20th anniversary of Said Mekbel’s killing. The cartoon reads: “Said Mekbel in Heaven for journalists. Here it is not the quills that are missing.” (Cartoon used with permission)

1/30/2015: The Dangers of Being a Humorist: Charlie Hebdo Is Not Alone

… have been levelling their ire with deadly consequences at comedians whose work they have deemed to be blasphemous or … a columnist and caricaturist—and threatened numerous others comedians. Saïd Mekbel Perhaps the most well-known and … door in the event that an attacker entered, a reflex that some media workers retain to this day. On that fateful …
A map showing China and the United States

Another Cold War? China This Time?

… meddle in China’s internal affairs, repulsive as they may sometimes be to us. This will be especially difficult … who were then fighting the founders of today’s communist government, a deployment almost unknown to … many influential Americans, including Douglas MacArthur, commander of the allied forces, to call for war on China …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and … velodrome, shooting gallery, and seating for the swimming competitions) saw the staging of 45 events ranging from … newly minted ceremonies and festivities designed to provide some continuity with the past, and would be governed by an …
Cover of Health, Healing and Illness in African History by Rebekah Lee.

Africa's Medical History Revealed

Review of Health, Healing and Illness in African History, by Rebekah Lee (London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2021)
… of actors, including African patients themselves, families, communities, traditional healers, healthcare workers, and … providers over causation and therapeutic approaches to combat particular diseases. Coercive and racialized health … examines African mental illness in a historical context, something that has generally been neglected by previous …
Judiciary Chairman Patrick Leahy meeting with Kagan.

What’s Wrong With Kagan’s Confirmation Hearings

… confirmation hearings are underway in the Senate Judiciary Committee, a rite of passage for Supreme Court nominees. … of Utah.   History and the debates of our Founders offer some sound reasons why any vetting of court nominees should become more limited and less political. Senators should …
Logo of General Motors.svg

The Federal Government Should Hold On To General Motors

… in spring 2009. What was then the world’s largest auto company had been hemorrhaging money for years, losing an … astonishing $69.6 billion in 2007-2008. By early 2009, the company faced bankruptcy, with no private investors willing … did so for two reasons. First, it was a way to ensure that some of the profits would support the whole community. …
A U.S. FBI agent sorts through rubble. (Photo by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation)

The 1998 East African Embassy Bombings

… but at the time it seemed like a relatively minor threat in comparison with established groups like Hamas and Hizballah. … right) in an interview with Pakistani journalist Hamid Mir sometime between March 1997 and May 1998. The date of the … And the attack was executed in a manner that would soon come to characterize al Qaeda operations. The trucks were …
Florida Supreme Court during the 2000 presidential election recount.

Disputed Elections: An American Tradition

Some political analysts claim that without quick resolution … to contested elections. When elections were questioned, common sense, rather than adherence to technicality, … and wrong initials of first names and last names were commonplace. Rather than throw out the ballots, as electoral …