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The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… year, not only in the history of the United States but also for the genesis of American capitalism. 1619 saw the arrival … the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … efforts were designed to convince buyers to overlook higher prices for the goods and consider the consumption of ethical …
A U.S. military vehicle crossing the Iraq border in March 2003.

U.S. Credibility at Stake in Iraq

… even more with each day that American and British forces fail to unearth more than circumstantial evidence of … that Iraq was a significant threat to the international community. Why is that? Because, the United States — from … on a war it cannot justify. Christopher Gerteis is a visiting professor of East Asian history at the University …

Russia and the Race for the Arctic

… into kindling by the moving ice. With the advent of steam and steel, Swede Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld first crossed … geologically has huge ramifications. If the Russian claim ultimately succeeds, it would result in the accession of … of these people and other living creatures would be a high price to pay for whatever hydrocarbons and northern shipping …
Engraving of Roman plague doctor, Schnabel c.1656.

Quarantino: Plague and the Origins of Social Distancing

… strength and quantity, and are well mixed.” Humoral theory, combined with ignorance of germs, created a situation ripe for unchecked outbreak. Those who cared for the sick—from … “generated such horror that children did not dare to visit their dying parents, nor parents their children, but …
Black Panther

Searching for Wakanda: The African Roots of the Black Panther Story

… and the New York Times has called it “a defining moment for Black America.” The Black Panther himself is T’challa, … was elaborated in the next issue (#53, August 1966). Marvel Comics’ dynamic duo Stan Lee and Jack Kirby created the … by a radioactive spider. The following year, Kirby and Lee teamed up launch the X-Men, a group of human mutants who …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… were killed. Nine others were wounded. With that, the forces of order in the United States had launched a shooting … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … already had directed several thousand Guardsmen to police a Teamsters’ strike in the region; they could spare a thousand …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater … This disturbing development is linked to the PATCO debacle, for President Reagan’s unprecedented act of union-busting … in Washington, D.C., and a writer for the History News Service. He is currently writing a book on the PATCO …
Power lines.

Blackouts: Symptoms of Our Dependence

… its lawsuit against the giant utility Consolidated Edison for the 19-hour blackout that plunged northern Manhattan … year of anticipating “Y2K” has served to remind us that the computers we call “personal” actually answer to specialized … lever that permits drivers to roll up windows by hand.) Visit the hospital, and you will confront a forbidding array …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… From 2011 to 2014, breathtaking political changes transformed the lives of men and women in Egypt . First, with the … seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, but his government was … Together, these support groups organized rescue teams, provided medical and psychological support to …
Cover of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall by Mary Elise Sarotte.

…And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: A History of Contingency and Happenstance

Review of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, by Mary Elise Sarotte New York: Basic Books, 2014.
… irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … culmination of geo-political diplomacy, a strategized win for those at the top of the political heap; she instead … to the existing policy, manifesting the leadership’s ultimate reluctance to grant freedom of movement to its …
 Monte Albán

A Postcard From Oaxaca, Mexico

… civilization’s cultural, political, and economic capital for almost a millennium. Besides its stunning mountain views, Oaxaca City also offers vistas of Mexico's complex history. In 1521, Hernán Cortés sent Captain José … been one of the poorest states in Mexico. Those protests ultimately led to a revolt involving upwards of 300,000 …
President Nixon photographed through a window explaining release of edited transcripts, April 29, 1974

Will There Be a Last Nixon Cover-Up?

… official, is negotiating the transfer of the records. As a former archivist with the Archives’ Nixon records staff, I am alarmed by this news. As their administrations come to a close, presidents establish foundations to raise … hurled charges and used intimidation. But they paid a heavy price. They lost the trust of many historians, inside and …
artwork entitled Can You Pass the Acid Test

The Acid Tests

… in 1943 . The CIA experimented with LSD in the 1950s for its potential use in psychological warfare; and in 1975 … and Dr. Richard Alpert (now known as Ram Das) tested Acid for its therapeutic use. One stained glass window at Boston … with LSD to seek out spiritual counsel in India, which ultimately led him to author his famous book “Be Here Now” …
Close-up of the mural commemorating works of A.J. Muste on the War Resisters League Building in New York, New York.

"There Is No Way to Peace, Peace Is the Way": A.J. Muste and American Radical Pacifism

Review of American Gandhi: A.J. Muste and the History of Radicalism in the Twentieth Century, by Leilah Danielson (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014)
… the story of a Calvinist intellectual preacher who transformed into a revolutionary labor leader, before finally … nonconformist left. Historian Leilah Danielson attempts to complete the work that Muste did not. It is most useful to … the world, and his constant moving around and activism ultimately took a toll on her health as the family was …
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… homes and jobs. But the 20th century’s legal foundation for homeland security was laid during 1917 and 1918 when the … to act decisively, during World War I President Wilson took command of telegraph and telephone systems, issued executive … against them. Bush’s speech to Congress and the nation, his visit to a Washington mosque and his meetings with Muslim …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … neutrality allowed. If Bush’s political advisers are hoping for the same success, they may have forgotten how Truman’s … figure. The next time Bush goes home to Texas, he should visit Johnson’s final resting place and ponder deeply. It is …
The 1999 impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton, Chief Justice William Rehnquist presiding

How Presidential Power Became Untouchable

… or the Republican who aspires to succeed him. If so, the outcome will reinforce conclusions previously drawn from the history of … suggests, the people of the United States may pay a heavy price for tolerating erosion of the checks and balances … History News Service …

From Harlem to Ferguson: LBJ's War on Crime and America's Prison Crisis

… lives or the devastation it has brought on families and communities across the nation. The historical origins of … caused crime and it helped him blunt Goldwater’s charge. Ultimately, the president easily won election in his own … and tactics like armored personnel carriers and urban SWAT teams. For another, radicals contended that promoting the …
Ukrainian refugees sheltering beneath a bridge in Kyiv, March 5, 2022.

“The Tragedy Has Never Left Us.” On the War in Ukraine

… not obscure the fact that this conflict, with all its complexity and tragedy, belongs firmly to the present. This … grateful to them for having heroically contributed to the ultimate victory. In his speech on May 9, 2020, Vladimir … our common values at stake: how we define them and the price we’re ready to pay to defend them. For the civilian …
Judge Charles W. Pickering, Sr.

Ghosts of Mississippi Haunt Pickering’s Nomination

… The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee will vote early in March on the Bush administration's effort to elevate Federal District Judge Charles W. Pickering … does not belong on the Circuit Court. Joshua M. Zeitz is a visiting assistant professor of history at Brown University …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… opposed to the administration’s war policies and hungry for a candidate with national security bona fides. A … officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as … does he hunger for war. Historian David Greenberg is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and …
William Shatner as Captain Kirk and Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock pose behind a model of the starship Enterprise.

Star Trek

… sixth series will debut in 2017) hundreds of novels and comic books, and countless toys, games, uniforms and other merchandise. Star Trek: The Original Series … thinking of leaving Star Trek when Martin Luther King Jr. visited the set. He insisted that she remain on the show …