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Depiction of Isaac Newton

A “God Particle” for Isaac Newton’s Birthday

… 25, 2012, we celebrate Isaac Newton’s 370 th birthday. On one hand, the man popularly famous for getting hit on the … he stood on the shoulders of giants, so perhaps he’d welcome the gift.   Newton is famous for Principia Mathematica … to maintain their symmetry . Perhaps the best analogy is one of a Hollywood party described by the Exploratorium here …
Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne Book Cover

Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature

Review of Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne (Columbus: Ohio State University, 2005)
… to loosen his creativity and imagination. As we have come to know Fitzgerald the person, the chances are good … in the nuts and bolts operations of prohibition and its opponents, including bootleggers and moonshiners, as well as … excessively used libations in order to write. Consequently, one may inquire as to whether the issue was as politically …
Radio World's Fair in 1926.

“Black Tuesday” After 70 Years

… the words “The End” on a popular, long-running American comedy named “The Roaring Twenties: The New Era of Eternal … economy, community-oriented values made a strong comeback.  One of the most common misconceptions about the Great … keep up with production. The inevitable collapse was postponed by selling products on credit to consumers who did not …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… Marina Silva (who recently endorsed Neves) 21.32%. As one of the largest and economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … billion, but by 2009 Brazil provided the International Monetary Fund with $10 billion in financing. Brazilian …

Blue, Black, and Green: Inflation and the Fate of Argentina

… inflation rate in South America next to Venezuela. “Everyone is already suffering from higher costs for food, rents, … where tourists and porteños (inhabitants of Buenos Aires) come to exchange currency. As one walks the streets, the occasional calls of “ Cambio, …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… over the last four years.  The reasons for that are many, complex, and subject to change in the near and far future.  … have on the long transition? Why has the price of oil gone so low? The petroleum industry has survived numerous … Oil producers restarted old fields and developed new ones in Texas and North Dakota, particularly.  While other …
Painting of Alexander Hamilton.

A Golden Opportunity for the Social Security Trust Fund

… solvency. Because big sinking funds are good policy, this one should be guarded, not raided. A sinking fund is a kind … than taxpayers are willing to pay all at once, it borrows money by issuing bonds to pay the immediate costs. Then it dedicates an amount of money every year out of incoming taxes to an account that goes to repay the bonds. …
Cover of Song of Wrath The Peloponnesian War Begins by J. E. Lendon.

A Time For War

Review of Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins, by J.E. Lendon (Basic Books, New York, 2010)
… with important aspects of the Ten Years' War. Chapter one examines the origins of the rivalry between Athens and … chapter two by the motivations and actions that led to the coming of the Ten Years' War. In chapter three, Lendon … danger lay, Lendon argues, in the political dimension. If one Greek state gave a command to another, this usually …
Family members of U.S. Army Master Sgt. Woodrow Wilson Keeble attending his Medal of Honor ceremony.

Honoring Native American Veterans This Veterans Day

… talker" of World War II. In September Allen Dale June, one of the original Navajo "code talkers," also passed away. … U.S. general killed in World War II, are not names that come to mind for most people.   That's because this is not … century. This is important material, but after the lessons one of history’s most influential indigenous populations is …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… the social revolutions of the 1960s and early 1970s. One can speculate that Ira Katznelson has been listening to … issue of affirmative action. The book is held together by one overarching theme. As New Deal politicians began … When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal …
US president Bill Clinton and Chinese leader Jiang Zemin holding a joint press conference at the White House, October 29, 1997

The Next Cold War?

… How do cold wars begin? The question is becoming more than academic as the Bush administration gropes … to cast the die for or against prolonged cold war. But each one required Truman to choose between a more and a less … but slip step by step into a situation whose outcome no one can predict, much less control. However, cold wars do …
decorative element on a building

Karbala and the Sunni-Shia Split

Grade Level
4-8
Teaching Area
World History to 1500
World History since 1500
War & Peace
… 21st century, and is written at a level which is not easily comprehensible to 7th graders. I decided to create this … ways – as a political, religious, cultural, and semantic one. Students fill in a worksheet which asks them questions … a political difference?” Before departing, they write down one difference they learned between Shia and Sunni Islam. …
The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks book cover.

The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain

Review of The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain, by Nicholas B. Dirks (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006)
… sex, drugs, and financial and electoral manipulation have become mainstays in political reportage. From Watergate to … the issues of the Hastings trial throughout the book is one of its most striking strengths. Dirks' impressive … trial to contemporary issues gives this book broad appeal. One would expect a fun, even salacious, read, given that his …
Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NATO Expansion in Eastern Europe: For What and For Whom?

… the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was the capstone of a policy, led and funded by the United States, to contain/encircle Soviet and Communist power in Eastern Europe, prevent powerful … U.S. defense expenditures in the post war period. When one looks back before 1945, NATO may also be seen as a …
The United States Declaration of Independence

The Writing Is Faded, the Message Lives

… became a national icon — the civic equivalent of stone tablets that Moses brought down from Mount Sinai. … original plan, of course. The final handwritten copy — the one that tens of millions have seen at the National Archives … was brilliant, but the process nearly destroyed the text. Compounding the damage was the decision in 1841 to put the …
a woman caring for someone with HIV

What HIV Teaches Us: The Need for Affordable Health Care

Comparing COVID-19 to HIV is, in many ways, like comparing … mostly from California and New York (see Figure 3). All but one of those cases were men, and over 90 percent of those … a landlocked country in East Africa the size of Oregon, had one the world’s worst outbreaks: by the early-1990s, HIV was …

All Politics is Local: Understanding Boko Haram

… 2014 “[We] need . . . to break down infidels, practitioners of democracy and constitutionalism, voodoo and those … The consensus among many academics, journalists, and commentators is that Boko Haram is an Islamist organization … states in Nigeria, but in the 13 th century Kanem-Borno was one of the most extensive kingdoms in sub-Saharan Africa. …
Rick Santorum at prayer, 2012

Rick Santorum and Fundamentalist Catholicism

… in the polls among GOP voters precisely because he is so comfortable mixing politics and religion. He presents a … to the group, include “indulgences (allowing people to pay money to indulge in their sins), inquisition (torture and … countenance to a false Christianity, quite alien to the one Church of Christ.”   For the Vatican, in other words, …
Polin Museum

A Postcard from Warsaw, Poland: POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews

… in Polish-Jewish history. After years of controversies and compromises, the final product represents the dedicated … murdered between 1939 and 1945, the museum tells the full one thousand year history of Jews in Poland, when Poland was … and Jewish history have been inextricably bound, and that one can’t be understood without the other. The curators …

European Disunion: The Rise and Fall of a Post-War Dream?

… has been characterized by friction, contradictions, and competing visions of the goals of union. The most recent … Albert Einstein and Winston Churchill. Despite a reasoned intellectual foundation and moderate support, the idea … economies would find no benefit in going to war with one another, European statesmen after World War II sought an …
Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells Book cover.

Shakespeare For All Time

Review of Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
… testifies to this fascination. William Shakespeare has become more than a brilliant playwright from … myth without undermining the mythos. This work is the capstone achievement of a long and brilliant career in … works and with the productions of them, Wells is well-positioned to demonstrate just how meaningful Shakespeare has been …
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Book Cover.

Hanoi Central

Review of Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012
… Le Duan and Le Duc Tho, the police state they and their comrades built in the North to solidify their power and … divided into four parts, with two chapters per part. Part One, "The Path to Revolutionary War," follows the early … workings and diplomacy of the North Vietnamese government, one of Nguyen's goals is to demonstrate the influence that …