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Russian chemist and educator Dmitrii Mendeleev

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

… chemist and educator Dmitrii Mendeleev is best known today for his creation of the periodic table of elements. … chemists had worked to find an organizing principle that encompassed all of the known elements and that could be … characteristics—they were largely inert and resistant to combining with other substances—but the entire set fit …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater … This disturbing development is linked to the PATCO debacle, for President Reagan’s unprecedented act of union-busting … in Washington, D.C., and a writer for the History News Service. He is currently writing a book on the PATCO …
Official Portrait of President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan

“The Reagans”: The Spirit of Censorship Lives

… that the controversial series was more appropriate for a small, paying Showtime audience than a network … history. Ed Gillespie, chairman of the Republican National Committee, complained that the CBS script contains language … all docudramas have offered hard-hitting, opinionated viewpoints. Most film and television dramas that have excited …

"Y'En A Marre!" (We're Fed Up!): Senegal in the Season of Discontent

… On June 23, 2011, I arrived for a morning of research in Senegal's national archives, in … starting. [Y'En A Marre] want change and their patience has come to an end. Prices are too high, the power fails all the … toward the U.S. President George W. Bush made a celebrated visit to the country in July 2003 in the wake of the Iraq …
Power lines.

Blackouts: Symptoms of Our Dependence

… its lawsuit against the giant utility Consolidated Edison for the 19-hour blackout that plunged northern Manhattan … year of anticipating “Y2K” has served to remind us that the computers we call “personal” actually answer to specialized … lever that permits drivers to roll up windows by hand.) Visit the hospital, and you will confront a forbidding array …

Treaties and Sovereign Performances, from Westphalia to Standing Rock

… Bakken oil-shale region in western North Dakota to a tank complex in Illinois. Its route crosses the Missouri River … belonged to the Great Sioux Nation under the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie. Other indigenous-rights activists observe that … like the American Fourth of July, a time to dress up, visit friends and relatives, socialize, and feast. …
Nsala of Wala in the Nsongo District

1885: A European Colonial Dream and an African Nightmare

… Conference on West Africa was signed.  The conference has become known for “carving up  the African continent ” for the benefit of … so much as help enable the process in a way that managed competitive  European colonial desires .  The colonial …
Cover of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China by Dong Guoqiang and Andrew G. Walder.

The View from the Countryside

Review of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China, by Dong Guoqiang & Andrew G. Walder (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… According to official accounts from the Chinese Communist Party, “The ‘cultural revolution,’ which lasted from May 1966 to October 1976, was responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered … (1958—1962) and his fear that enemies in the Chinese Communist Party planned to place China back on the …
Cover of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North by Thomas J. Sugrue.

Movement North

Review of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, by Thomas J. Sugrue (New York: Random House, 2008)
… Americans looked to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., for leadership and direction.  King inspired Northern white … never passive victims.  From the very beginning of black community development in the North, African Americans fought … control.  Integration and community control, Sugrue points out, were never mutually exclusive, but as blacks …
Cover of Pay for Play A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform by Ronald A. Smith.

Wagging the Dog

Review of Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform, by Ronald A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011. xii + 344 pp.)
… of a permanent facility in which to play football.  When completed, Harvard Stadium cost over $300,000, held 40,000 … and Freedom: The Rise of Big-Time College Athletics, and revisits briefly here, intercollegiate athletics were … institutions. But virtually all of these reforms, Smith points out repeatedly, have been in the name of competitive …
 Haile Selassie in 1942

Emperor Haile Selassie I Returns Triumphant to Ethiopia

… capital city, Addis Ababa. The Ethiopian Emperor was accompanied by battle-tested companies of Patriot guerilla fighters (the Arbanyoch). British Colonel Orde Wingate led Gideon Force and an assorted mix of Commonwealth fighters from …
Castilian ambassadors attempt to ally themselves with Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada.

The Iberian Realm of Islam

Review of Kingdoms of Faith: A New History of Islamic Spain, by Brian A. Catlos (New York: Basic Books, 2018)
… The dar al-Islam , or realm of Islam, is very much in the news today: strife between Taliban and authorities in … Spain , Catlos examines the importance of Islam in the formation of European and Mediterranean culture. It is … The reality of the Islamic kingdoms in Iberia was far more complex. Castilian ambassadors attempt to ally themselves …
The Romanov Family

The Romanov Tercentenary: Commemoration, History, and Power

… the Russias.” Services in Moscow capped a series of events commemorating the Romanovs’ tercentenary, in what proved to … continue to grapple with the Romanov legacy as they search for a usable past after the turbulent twentieth century. … workers were carefully muzzled in advance of the tsar’s visit. Celebration of the Romanovs’ heritage could draw …
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… homes and jobs. But the 20th century’s legal foundation for homeland security was laid during 1917 and 1918 when the … to act decisively, during World War I President Wilson took command of telegraph and telephone systems, issued executive … against them. Bush’s speech to Congress and the nation, his visit to a Washington mosque and his meetings with Muslim …
Dolley Madison, 1804, by Gilbert Stuart.

Women’s History and a Woman’s Subtle Power

… a black president at the nation’s helm, even the most glib commentators can justify focusing on black history. But … power.   The study of history is the study of power. For thousands of years, history has used the crudest measure … were as frequent in the nation’s early days as cable news tirades are in ours.   The official men of the …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … neutrality allowed. If Bush’s political advisers are hoping for the same success, they may have forgotten how Truman’s … figure. The next time Bush goes home to Texas, he should visit Johnson’s final resting place and ponder deeply. It is …
French soldiers overrun Chinese troops during the 1860 campaign in the Second Opium War.

The Second Opium War

… Opium War (officially 1856-1860), a conflict that not only forced that narcotic drug deep into China ’s politics, … of Qing laws prohibiting the drug. After one Chinese trade commissioner captured and publicly destroyed British opium … debate the relative harms of the drug from the standpoints of public health and fiscal stability, but there is …
Judge Charles W. Pickering, Sr.

Ghosts of Mississippi Haunt Pickering’s Nomination

… The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee will vote early in March on the Bush administration's effort to elevate Federal District Judge Charles W. Pickering … does not belong on the Circuit Court. Joshua M. Zeitz is a visiting assistant professor of history at Brown University …
William Shatner as Captain Kirk and Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock pose behind a model of the starship Enterprise.

Star Trek

… sixth series will debut in 2017) hundreds of novels and comic books, and countless toys, games, uniforms and other merchandise. Star Trek: The Original Series … thinking of leaving Star Trek when Martin Luther King Jr. visited the set. He insisted that she remain on the show …
President George H.W. Bush shaking hands with Russian President Boris Yeltsin at the Kremlin.

Russia — Ten Years After the Fall

… years ago that Kremlin guards hauled down the Soviet flag for the last time and Mikhail Gorbachev calmly resigned as … wanted to emulate. Now that they had been freed from communist oppression, many supposed, it would not be long … foreign economic advisers, the recent critics (like most news correspondents) have neglected the more positive roles …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… the 500 th anniversary of the start of the Protestant Reformation is a celebration of Martin Luther: Playmobil … the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop … would be one that tolerated a variety of religious viewpoints, Christian or otherwise. But despite Luther’s …
A dry ice bomb mid-explosion.

It’s Not How to Make a Bomb That’s the Problem, But Why

… home secretary, Charles Clarke, rushed to announce plans for sweeping new terrorist legislation that would … from the Internet. Once again, the Internet has become the target of law makers who seek a simple remedy for … and the home workshop and printed these recipes in their newspapers. The fuel oil and fertilizer explosive of Timothy …
The logo of Solidarność painted on an overturned Soviet era T-55 in Prague in 1990

Poland Takes Charge of Its Own Revolution

Review of Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War, by Gregory F. Domber (The University of North Carolina Press, 2014)
… the massacres erupting in Tiananmen Square, a less violent form of protest happened halfway around the world in Poland, … in the Sejm (Parliament) and the newly-formed Senate to non-Communist candidates. The Polish elections laid the … forge ahead with their efforts to remove their Soviet-led communist parties from power, a process that would be fully …