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Women working at a farm at Lamas district in Peru, 2014. (Photo by CIF Action)

Reforming Peruvian Agriculture, Again

… In recent years, Peru has focused substantial efforts to improve  agricultural output and efficiency, … declared, the group trains “farmers, women, and indigenous communities in the use of improved technologies in current … Today, as national governments and institutions abroad revisit the idea of transferring technology to Peru’s farmers, …
President Lyndon B. Johnson giving a speech about the Voting Rights Act with a statute of President Abraham Lincoln in the background.

The Republican Party and African-Americans: The Real History

… and presidential candidate George W. Bush won kudos for his gutsy appeals to black voters. Alluding to a proud … to give black men full citizenship. For that much, Bush and company can claim a worthy lineage. But as early as 1876 — … be a courageous act indeed. Historian David Greenberg is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and …
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… Union in September 1939 shocked the world and set the stage for the German invasion of France , Belgium, Luxembourg, and … order and provide readers bite-sized analyses of complex political, social, and military affairs. For … may find the short, somewhat choppy, chapters jarring at points, the episodic nature of Johnson’s account helps to …
The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson Book Cover.

Capturing a Moment

Review of The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… Patterson’s new book, The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America , demonstrates that my professor is onto something. Patterson shares with other commentators the feeling that 1965 was a “pivot” or a … Angeles compounded the Vietnam violence, with television news outlets bringing ever-more-graphic footage from both …
Generals Eisenhower and Patton at the Ohrdruf Concentration Camp

On the Liberation of the Concentration Camps

… War II in Europe. This year as in previous ones, Europeans commemorated VE (Victory in Europe) Day with a combination … turned badly against Germany in the summer of 1944, Allied forces began liberating the concentration camps. Soldiers of … and experienced the Nazi’s brutality. One can also visit the sites where this harrowing history took place. The …
Mourners picket after the Triangle fire. Their signs, hung with black crepe, accuse shop owners of graft, locked doors, and managing workers in fire traps.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

… that way. If bosses and politicians had not put profits before people, the fire might not have happened, or if it did, … watching scores of young women and several young men die, combined with the awful realization that this tragedy could … Investigating Commission, which travelled around the state visiting factories, talking with workers and observing …
 In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch Book Cover.

In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement

Review of In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
… In the first five years of the present decade, forty-three states witnessed political battles over the … for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … while arguing, like Darrow once did, that "multiple viewpoints" should be discussed in the classroom. Lienesch …
Image of Pluto from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft taken on July 13, 2015.

Discovering Pluto

… supposed links between meteor streams and planetary orbits. For example, he proposed that the Perseids and Lyrids were … and mathematical calculations.  Initially, he focused on comet and meteor predictions, but he later turned to … To assist with calculations, he hired a team of human computers—individuals (often women) who performed complex …
Demonstrators protest the judicial proceedings against suspected White Power activists following the Greensboro massacre of 1979.

"Lone Wolves" No More

Review of Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America, by Kathleen Belew (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… A soldier named Tim McVeigh . . . ―Charlie King, The War is Coming Home , 1996 On April 19, 1995, a date fraught with meaning for American white supremacists, former soldier Timothy … emboldened White Power activists; two subsequent flashpoints then embittered them. In 1992, militarized federal …
A Hawaiian man employing the spearfishing techniques described by Fagan, circa 1890.

Built Upon Bounty

Review of Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization, by Brian Fagan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… A Neanderthal cave discovered above the Rhône River, for instance, contained tools covered in scales and bone … Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … eleven chapters earlier, reducing the impact of any comparison. The lack of chronology or strong thematic …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… On March 3, 1913, the day before President-elect Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration, more … of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … a top-notch press office that placed favorable stories in newspapers across the country. The 1913 parade made it clear …
Harry Beck’s London Underground Railway map, designed in 1931 and released to the public in 1933.

All Aboard!: A Train Ride through the British Twentieth Century in 100 Maps

Review of A History of the Twentieth Century in 100 Maps, by Tim Bryars and Tom Harper (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… Welcome aboard the train, British History ! In preparation for our adventure through the twentieth century, please … effective tool to discuss decolonization, but the book disappoints in this aspect. Be that as it may, it remains an …
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and outgoing President Herbert Hoover on Inauguration Day in 1933.

COVID, the New Deal, and the Importance of Leadership

… the 1930s. In this country, in 1933, 25 percent of the workforce was unemployed , another 25 percent underemployed. We … everyone thought Roosevelt was up to the task. Political commentator Walter Lippmann called him “a kind of amiable … to act to help people and not simply to score political points, is essential. Roosevelt was a masterful politician …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… Afghan government and offer support in its fight with rebel forces. After almost a decade of occupation, in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the Friendship Bridge from the Afghan …
A photograph of Viola Desmond

Remembering Viola Desmond

… that day, Desmond became the target of a racist incident, a common event for Blacks in Canada. Her decision to challenge what could … of barbers, Desmond wanted to own a hairdressing company. A newspaper advertisement for Sepia Beauty Products by Viola …
Heroin bust.

Devising a Drug-Free World (Prologued, Season 2, Episode 3)

… 1930s and 1940s, the U.S. began to establish a global model for pursuing drug prohibition both at home and abroad. … on Drugs, it isn’t colonial China or Japan or Mexico that comes to mind…it's the United States. And for good reason. … As any good historian should, we encourage our listeners to visit episode descriptions for citations to background …
Engraving of Robespierre.

The New Species of Terrorism

… With the horrific assault of Sept. 11, “terrorism” has become the new American watchword and scourge. Yet as George … (1793-94), when Robespierre’s Jacobins executed, often for flimsy reasons, some 12,000 people deemed enemies of the … expect it to strike again. Historian David Greenberg is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and …
Cover of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany by Susannah Heschel.

God for Nazis

Review of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany , by Susannah Heschel (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… of Abraham Heschel's work, the Prophets was written not for a Jewish audience but for people of faith in general. … Nazi anti Semitism and racial ideology required one to overcome a number of intellectual hurdles. How could one accept … time that Susannah Heschel manages to score any serious points is with her discussion of the post-war period, during …
Greek amphora, or jug, from c. 540 BCE showing two hoplite phalanxes engaged in combat. Hoplites were the heavy infantry who formed the backbone of most Greek armies in the Classical Age.

A Fragmented History of Ancient Generalship

Review of The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of Warfare, by Joseph Roisman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Joseph Roisman’s  The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of … In order to fill this void, Roisman examines the military commands of eight  Greek  generals, as promised in the … what Greek generalship was in the Classical Age. His rubric for measuring the generals includes four broad areas: …
Three 10th Mountain Division Ski troopers above Camp Hale in the Pando Valley, Colorado in February, 1944.

Skis, Samba, and Smoking Snakes: An Unlikely World War II Partnership

What happened when glacier-goggled American ski troops and samba-loving Brazilian soldiers fought side-by-side halfway across the world?
… immersing its recruits in the art of mountain warfare before its opportunity came to fight during  World War II . … in a stalemate with Axis troops north of Rome. With a commanding view of the narrow approach to the Po River … Center, for her assistance and insight during the author’s visit. Suggestions for Further Reading: Ernest Fischer Jr.,  …