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Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… amendment banning gay marriage ought to consider the old Chinese adage, “Be careful what you wish for, … The nation’s constitutional history is full of instances when the outcome of amendments varied from the original … a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, even when they personally oppose the practice, are prudent …
Fully lit Menorah

Chanukah Candles Shed Light on Mideast Conflict

… candles this year.  Like all Jews, I grew up hearing the story of the brave young freedom fighters, the … prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, said it clearly:  when Arafat signed the Oslo Agreements, he was agreeing to be Israel's "subcontractor," to suppress the

Humans Have Always Lived in a World of Many Worlds

… We tell ourselves that there is just one ultimate reality out there, a single fixed … allowing the peoples we study to decide for themselves what was true and real in their experience, our picture of the … on which the life and health of the community is staked. When one then surveys the different models of reality that …
Soldiers marching in front of the memorial - The Motherland Calls in Volgograd.

Living in History: Stalingrad at 75

… February 3, 2018 marked 75 years since the conclusion of the Battle of Stalingrad . After almost … participants in the defense effort ( right ). Stalingrad was hailed in February 3’s Pravda ( Truth ) newspaper as … as Grossman and Koroteev had done in the Soviet period. Whenever the battle is mentioned in popular culture, …
Photo of William Colby

Casting the Long Shadow of the CIA

Review of Shadow Warrior: William Egan Colby and the CIA, by Randall B. Woods (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… William Colby has become a more or less forgotten figure in the turbulent history of the 1960s and 1970s. However, he … but also of the CIA and the Vietnam War. During WWII, Colby was reassigned to the Office of Strategic Services and … barely tolerated “the House of Ngo” and often opposed it. When the Ngo government attempted to repress the unrest, …
Portrait of Louis XVI, King of France and Navarre, c. 1779

The Execution of Louis XVI

… On the cold, foggy morning of January 21, 1793—225 years … from the Temple, the fortified medieval monastery where he was imprisoned, to the Place de la Révolution, where the … to execute their beloved father, their king? After all, when the Revolution began just a few years before in 1789, …
“The great financier, or British economy for the years 1763, 1764, 1765.” This British cartoon depicts the American colonies as a Native American woman, as juxtaposed to British officials and Britannia (far right), demonstrating the disconnect between the colonies and the metropole even though the colonists thought of themselves as full British subjects.

The Old Informing the New

Review of Rethinking America: From Empire to Republic, by John M. Murrin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018)
… For over forty years, John Murrin has been among the most influential historians of colonial America, the … as equal to their fellow Englishmen and believed Parliament was not treating them as such. “The great financier, or … support they desired, but this strategy later backfired when the lower classes used the same ideology to challenge …
Cover of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North by Thomas J. Sugrue.

Movement North

Review of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, by Thomas J. Sugrue (New York: Random House, 2008)
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… from the domination of Nazi Germany and its allies. Yet it was the Soviet Union who emerged in the early days of the … cast aside the vital partnership then rekindled it when Nazi Germany set its sights on Eastern Europe. The most … came to prominence during this period. Familiar faces like Lenin, Stalin, Molotov, Hindenburg, Hitler, and Ribbentrop …
a Galapagos sea turtle swimming in the ocean

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old.
…   In geologic years, the Galapagos Islands are infants. Located on the … are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old. When the tops of the volcanos first broke through the … As dramatic as what these Europeans took from the islands was what they left behind. The pirates brought goats to the

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

The degeneration of the Iraq conflict into a low level but … communities. Sunnis believe that Muhammad (570-632 CE) was the last divinely inspired individual and that the … , which means tradition. Originally Muslims used the term when they referred to the hadith , reports of the sayings or …

Outdoing Panama: Turkey’s ‘Crazy’ Plan to Build an Istanbul Canal

… party's third successful election campaign in 2011, the populist premier gave the Turkish public a few hints … best, years away. Nonetheless, the party's electoral slogan was boundlessly optimistic. "Target 2023," simultaneously … the largest church in the world. By the fifteenth century, when the Byzantine Empire was just a shadow of its former …
Cover of A Short History of Celebrity by Fred Inglis.

A Short History of Celebrity

Review of A Short History of Celebrity, by Fred Inglis (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010)
… to have watched more than a modest portion of cable news in the past two years might be forgiven for believing that we … Levi's path to greatness through the Wasilla mayor's office and the pages of Playgirl.  The … and intimacy to human narrative at just the moment when mass modernity made everything in city life seem so …

NATO's New Order: The Alliance After the Cold War

… Reading the headlines over the past weeks and months, it seems like … The most dramatic shift came at the end of the Cold War, when the alliance found it needed to justify its existence … the global political balance. The Roots of NATO NATO was founded in the early years of the Cold War, as relations …