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Jiang Zemin

Reframing the Debate on Human Rights in China

… abysmal human rights record. Jiang and other Chinese Communist Party officials countered that Americans are too … It should just encourage us to refrain from condescendingly comparing China to the United States. Here's my alternative: … for Americans to make the case for tolerance to Chinese audiences: by stressing how much the official measures now …
The Battle of Culloden by David Morier

Top Ten Origins: Scotland and the United Kingdom

… it remains a part of the United Kingdom or separates to become an independent state.  As the prospect of an … One Head     In 1603, Elizabeth I of England and Ireland died. Her successor, James Stuart VI, King of Scotland, … violent climax at the Battle of Culloden, where British soldiers decimated Jacobite forces. The brutal crackdown and …
Vegetables from ecological farming.

Bringing Democrats and Republicans Together over Food

… enemies of peace."   Democrats and Republicans could surely come together to realize that children overseas dying or … hunger a foreign policy priority.  They can and should come together over food.   This has to happen if we are to … for many things in government, but not for global hunger.  Competition for foreign policy dollars is fierce, and global …
 SPLM rally in Southern Sudan, 2010. (Image by U.S. Institute of Peace)

Tribal Militias in Sudan

… because SAF leader General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF commander General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemeti, … the start of a process to separate Arab and non-Arab communities, their leaders, and their justice systems.  If a … out destructive activities against southern non-Arab communities. They burned villages, killed innocent …

Ideology or Ethnicity? The Israeli Political Crisis

… the Supreme Court and amidst growing public criticism. To compound the confusion, Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu, sitting … in Israeli society—for example, divisions over territorial compromise with the Palestinians; divisions between Jews and … leadership. Netanyahu, a hardliner who opposes territorial compromises and promotes neoconservative socioeconomic …
A map showing China and the United States

Another Cold War? China This Time?

… anywhere else. To endanger our relations with a potential superpower over the question of how it governs its own … who were then fighting the founders of today’s communist government, a deployment almost unknown to … throw of Chinese territory, an estimated 260,000 Chinese soldiers poured across the border to push them and their allies …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … recorded residents speaking over 1600 native tongues. It is common to find people who can fluently function in more than … that his rejuvenation adventure would hurl him into a completely new world and would become the most joyful …
Margaret Gorman, winner of the first Miss America Pageant in 1922.

Beauty Pageants and American Politics

… America Pageant. As early as the 1880s, business owners and community leaders began organizing beauty pageants in … At 5’1 and 108 pounds, Gorman remains the youngest and smallest Miss America on record. Observers from around the … on a television network. Given their tenuous hold on TV audiences, one could argue that beauty pageants harken back to …
Republican Party Logo.

Republicans Should Look Back to the Future

… recently to consider their party’s future, many of them complained that conservatives had lost their way. They … and a progressive. Not many of today’s leaders offer that combination. At the recent governors’ conference only a few …   Yet Eisenhower recognized that the American public welcomed FDR’s New Deal reforms that helped the aged, the …
Iceberg, St. Lunaire.

A Postcard from Newfoundland

… people in harvesting sea life off the banks of what would become Canada’s eastern shore. Cod—so synonymous with fishing … villages on the coast were relocated to more centralized communities. It was argued that infrastructure projects such … economy with the rest of Canada was to create larger communities. Resettlement shattered the small-village life …
Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… likely have to endure the result regardless of how much we come to regret it. The nation’s constitutional history is full of instances when the outcome of amendments varied from the original intent of those … the always fragile sense that laws deserve respect and obedience regardless of personal preference. In addition, …
President George W. Bush addressing Congress in 2001 with Vice President Dick Cheney and House Speaker Dennis Hastert standing behind him.

Wartime Powers: Lincoln’s Restraint, Bush’s Excess

… War to defend their position. Then and now they argue, the commander-in-chief during wartime has an obligation to place … his. Indeed, both presidents faced similar situations as commanders-in-chief during wartime. Lincoln, confronted with … Lincoln, beginning in April 1861, ordered federal soldiers to arrest active secessionists, saboteurs and …

The Unkept Promise of Nuclear Power

… attends Operation Plumbbob as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1968 (left). The nuclear reactors at the Hanford … but in reality private firms came to rely on federal subsidies while they complained about excessive regulation. The Price-Anderson Act of 1957 provided one of those subsidies by capping liability payments for reactor accidents. An …
Cover of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China by Ezra F. Vogel.

The Man Who Re-Invented China

Review of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, by Ezra F. Vogel (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… Europe and the Soviet Union, made the future of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uncertain. It was in this period of … What led Deng Xiaoping, the leader of the world's largest Communist Party, to embrace capitalism so fervently? … Leap Forward (1958-61), when an estimated 16-45 million died. He doubts grew during the Cultural Revolution …
Cover of The British Way of War by Andrew Lambert

Redefining Strategy in 20th Century Britain

Review of The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy by Andrew Lambert (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021)
… the close blockade as the primary means of employing naval superiority. Simultaneously, German success on the continent … strategic priorities. Corbett disavowed continental commitment and mass armies, believing Britain should instead … Lambert’s work is exceptional and will appeal to a wide audience. …
American Union Bank, New York City. April 26, 1932.

The Bailout: A Far Cry from Socialism

… “Socialism!” That’s the alarm many conservative commentators and legislators are sounding about the latest … to socialism. Unless the government’s investment in banks comes with effective government oversight, the real problem … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Barry Faulkner's mural, "The Constitution," depicts the framers of the U.S. Constitution.

Term Limits: Thank Goodness We Didn’t Have Them in 1787

… career began in 1775, when he was elected to the local committee of safety and then to the Virginia Convention, … as well as a term in the U.S. House of Representatives and died while serving in the U.S. Senate. Under a term limits … where he remained until 1821, when he guided the Missouri Compromise bill through Congress. Fortunately, no term limit …
Portrait of Neville Chamberlain, who was the Prime Minister of United Kingdom during the early months of World War II.

Lessons of Munich

… Neville Chamberlain and French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier met in Munich with German and Italian dictators Adolf … really premeditated collusion with the dictators to fight communism elsewhere. Had they carefully examined the … “the two pillars of European peace and buttresses against communism.” At his first meeting with Hitler, he revealed …
The "Bridge of No Return" that crosses the Military Demarcation Line between North and South Korea.

Avoiding a Pearl Harbor in Korea

… Pearl Harbor. But rather than backing off the United States committed itself to war. In the case of North Korea, though, … 1941, may try to test the resolve of their enemies. These uncompromising and unimaginative stances by all parties …
"Mauerspecht" [Wall Pecker] 1989

“Remember, Remember the 9th of November”: The Fall of the Berlin Wall

… th century—the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism throughout Eastern Europe . The opening of the … The events in Germany were part of a larger wave of anti-communist revolutions throughout Eastern Europe. The year … Cold War. For many, the demise of communism confirmed the superiority of free-market capitalism over the command …
Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center display.

America Needs New Words on Sept. 11

… surely will be. But they are inappropriate for this coming Sept. 11, no less than a newspaper printing last … And they have yet to ask all Americans to take part in accomplishing its ends. Lincoln spoke at Gettysburg to honor … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
Six founders of the Algerian FLN: Rabah Bitat, Mostefa Ben Boulaïd, Didouche Mourad, Mohammed Boudiaf, Krim Belkacem and Larbi Ben M'Hidi, 1954

The Evian Accords: An Uncertain Peace

… That paper, simply entitled “Declarations Drawn up in Common Agreement,” was signed in a town on the French side … to be domestic disturbances by terrorists. French soldiers patrol the hills above Souk Ahras, Algeria (1958). On … Algerians and mobilized almost 1.5 million French soldiers. Today, the specter of colonialism—further complicated …