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Cover of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire by Giusto Traina.

The End of the World as They Knew It

Review of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire, by Giusto Traina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xix, 203. Trans. by Allan Cameron)
… The end of the Roman empire is punctuated by important and well-known events: Alaric's sack of Rome in 410, which … end to the institution of the imperial office in the west; and the attacks of Attila the Hun, which terrorized the … the book begins its return to the east through Spain, Africa and Egypt. His final stop within the Roman world is …
Cover of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile by Helen Rappaport.

Conspirator: Lenin in Exile

Review of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, by Helen Rappaport (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2010)
… Russian police foiled an assassination attempt on Tsar Alexander III.  Three young members of the self-proclaimed … mark the sixth anniversary of the assassination of Tsar Alexander II by tossing bombs into the carriage of his … and Kamenev, taught a Party School for Bolsheviks in the south of Paris.  Then, in the summer of 1912, when an …
President Joe Biden with other foreign leaders, sitting around a table with others looking on

How does Ideology Drive U.S. Foreign Relations?

… fires of a democratic revolution to overturn monarchy and imperial control. Yet many American leaders and citizens ever since have denied or rejected a foreign policy guided by ideology. Why? If ideas and ideologies help us to order and explain the world, often …
Female governors left to right, Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Kay Orr, and Gretchen Whitmer.

A Century of Elected Woman Governors in the United States, 1924-2024

… Caroline B. Shelton of Oregon for a weekend in 1909, and later New Mexico Secretary of State Soledad Chávez de … elected two women governors—Nellie Tayloe Ross in Wyoming and Miriam Amanda Ferguson in Texas. Each state claims …    Jefferson Walker, “Public Servant and Southern Lady: Public and Private Tensions in Lurleen …

Punishing the Past: Presidential Elections in Times of Crisis (1932, 1968, 2008)

… During this presidential campaign, Barack Obama and John McCain have each spent a great deal of time talking about their dreams for the 21st century. And they have worked to persuade voters that the policies … at play in 1968 but the central one was foreign policy in Southeast Asia, and Richard Nixon was the narrow winner over …
Satchel Paige with bat boys in the dugout watching a game in Los Angeles, ca. 1943.

Satchel Paige: The First Negro League Player Inducted into the Hall of Fame

… usual. He thanked his coaches, he talked about hard work, and he praised baseball.  Then, he went where no white Hall … pleaded, “I hope that someday, the names of Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson in some way can be added as a symbol of the … Tygiel, Shades of Glory: The Negro Leagues and the Story of African American Baseball. National Geographic. Satchel …

Time It Was: 1968 Around the World

… United States, the turmoil of ’68 probably compares to 1861 and 1919. There was an A-list of nearly monthly events, from the Tet Offensive for January and February to the triumph of Richard Nixon in November’s … of the establishment order. With the great exception of African American activism, the forces of change in the …
Group of women protesting against the ERA with signs: "Stop the web of deception," "ERA means Amy register for the draft at 18," "Maternity ward - persons only"

Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6)

… Equal Rights Amendment. Today, we turn to Phyllis Schlafly and her fellow conservative women who saw what feminists' … sexist discrimination as privileges that they had earned and refused to relinquish.  … Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6) … Tom,” a reference to an Uncle Tom, a derogatory term for an African American seen as subservient to whites. But …

The Alpha and Omega of the Greek Debt Crisis

… away from the machine when I heard some Greek expletives and saw a commotion in front of me. The ATM ran out of … several hours scouring the city, but every bank was closed and every ATM was empty. A line at the National Bank of … when Britain and France employed a blockade of grain into southern Greece. When Greece did enter the war on the side …
Church and belltower at Usol’e.

A Postcard from the Ural Mountains

… When our group of sixteen historians and geographers arrived on the banks of Russia’s Kama River … region, we followed a venerable tradition of Urals travel and exploration. Naturalist Johann Gmelin (1709-55) was so … in the ground as is this copper-rich former hill on its southern slope. Copper crater, seen from atop the High …
Advertisement for DDT featured in Time Magazine, June 30, 1947. This image illustrates the rosy reputation that pesticides enjoyed before the publication of Silent Spring.

A World Drenched with Pesticides: Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring

… excessive pesticide use ravaged birds, annihilated bees, and sickened the town’s inhabitants. Carson revealed to … suspected carcinogens, indiscriminately killed insects and plants, while also accumulating in water , soil, and the … Toxic Drift: Pesticides and Health in the Post-World War II South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005.  …
Cover of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster.

Babylon Revisited

Review of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xii, 297)
… was developed, which produced the world's first poetry and prose and led, eventually, to the development of the Greek … cannot be quantified as objects can. Now, especially in the south, looting is well-organized. Gangs of hundreds of men … of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq , by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster (Princeton: Princeton University …
Image of Shirley Chishorm, Hillary Clinton, Condaleeza Rice, and Kamala Harris

The New Normal (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 8)

… On the Season 1 Finale of Prologued, we look back and what we have learned over the last seven weeks and forward to what this means for the future of women in … of women's history who recently joined the University of Southern California's history department. And she found that …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

… For millennia, dams have played a central role in human life and natural systems.  They have served myriad uses for … from collecting water for irrigation, drinking, bathing, and leisure, to mitigating flooding, milling grain, stocking … and Xilodu dams, and the Itaipu and Belo Monte dams in South America). 8. Under Construction: Belo Monte Dam in …
Pope Leo XIV in the popemobile at his inauguration, 2025.

Faith, History, and the City of God in the 21st Century

… “We are living in times that are both difficult to navigate and to recount,” he  confessed to reporters. These times … Augustine, he encouraged his audience: “Let us live well and the times will be good. We are the times.” While the … history?  Saint Augustine, Bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa, wrestled with these questions 1600 years ago. …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… In my November 2011,  Origins  article,  Energy Policy and the Long Transition in America , I concluded that … the economics of alternative sources, sustainable fuels, and clean energy will hinge on the price of coal and … a large wind farm in Baja is supplying electricity to Southern California) or Australia (a nation not known for …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United States for the public education system … that detail what children should learn in mathematics and language arts. The curriculum guidelines were released … for national survival against both a rising Asia (think South Korea) and an established Northern Europe (think …
Still image from the Movie The Bridge (Criterion Collection).

Top Ten Origins: World War II Films

… the Second World War often include indelible scenes, moods, and sounds. As we move further and further away from the actual events of the war, movies … a French-Algerian filmmaker, tells the story of North African colonial troops, the discrimination they faced, and
NASA marks Earth Day’s 50th anniversary.

“Give Earth a Chance”: Earth Day and the Politics of Modern Environmentalism

… to sit on a bench in front of the Swedish Parliament, handing out flyers that read, "I am doing this because you … by prominent scientists, environmental policy makers, and a growing cadre of climate activists, Thunberg has … along the scenic beaches of an upscale resort town in Southern California. On January 28, 1969, a Union Oil well …