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Black Friday shoppers in the morning at Walmart store in Durham, North Carolina.

Is Retailing’s Death Star Vulnerable After All?

… to Christmas, head over to the local Wal-Mart. The company’s promise of “everyday low prices” is music to the … For better or worse, we’re living in a Wal-Mart World. The company now produces an astonishing 2.3 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product. Last year, Wal-Mart sold a record $1.43 billion the day after Thanksgiving. This …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… the bomb without igniting a major war. Even more worrisome is the catastrophic possibility that Bush will form … Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from … have been halting but still hold promise. Recently, European Union officials discussed diplomatic and economic …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
Mural of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia.

‘Til All the World’s an Ebenezer

… from the King Estate for $20,000,000, it is time to recall some of the obscure people, particularly hardworking … women, who saved the church that nurtured him and composed the movement whose spokesman he became. King was … to offer it. Two years after King's birth, his grandfather died and his father became the pastor of Ebenezer. During …
Side view of an Andrew Jackson bust at the MET.

The Long Tradition of White House Sex Scandals

… John F. Kennedy’s escapades, Eisenhower’s alleged liaison during World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt’s with Lucy … married in the 1790s before her divorce had officially become final. He won the election anyway, but she died of a stress-induced heart attack before he began his …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … abounded after the raucous campaign in which Jefferson defeated John Adams for president in 1800, but that's … the Senate as Jefferson's vice president from 1801-1805 recommended dropping in an effort to simplify Senate rules. …
People celebrating anniversary of the revolution in Mashhad in 2014.

Iran: Still Struggling toward Self-Determination

… even at the risk of confrontation with the international community. In persuading the Iranian government to be more … benefits. This earned the bitterness of the Iranians and sowed the seeds of Islamic fundamentalism. Since then, the … War, the United States believed that it faced the threat of communist expansion in the developing world. Iran looked …
Top view of engineer at desk with laptop, hardhat, and blueprints

Origins interviews the American Society of Civil Engineers

… In this segment of our episode on infrastructure and public investment in the United … Tom Smith, the Executive Director of the American Society of Civil Engineers, who describes the current state … Tom Smith   Sure. And by the way, the next report card will come out in 2017. What we do is we look at 16 categories of …
2011 protest in New Jersey by Garden State Equality in support of same-sex marriage and against deportation of LGBT spouses.

Voting Away Others’ Rights

… deny gays and lesbians the right to marry, with Florida also choosing to deny both heterosexual and homosexual couples … They had learned lessons from their own history both in Europe and the American colonies.   Puritan New England … religiously intolerant regimes in the world today.   The outcome of the recent referendum in California shows us that …
Artist representation of data security and privacy. Large eye peeks through an open window.

These Machines Know Too Damn Much

… narrative says technology is to blame—that after mainframe computers burst onto the scene in the middle of the … fragmented sloppily across digital tape, could never die; that the notion of an inescapable past was somehow … through comprehensive “omnibus” legislation that resembles Europe’s General Data Privacy Regulations (GDPR), and by …
The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … their profits, which advanced the interests of American and European firms, but proved to be a disadvantage for African … created a government-sanctioned monopoly for the West-Indies and empowered slave-trading states in West Africa.” If …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… One of the most beautiful parts of the former Soviet Union—Nagorno-Karabakh—has recently been scarred by … historical monuments and churches.  Sadly, it has become the center of a major feud between Armenians and … citizen even boasted of the low unemployment in Karabakh compared to neighboring Armenia. Nagorno-Karabakh is home to …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… unremarkable, the transformations in Japanese politics, society, and economy seen over the next two decades were … ruling elite traveled to the United States and Western Europe for over a year on study tours to observe conditions … Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country …
Cover of Apache Diaspora by Paul Conrad.

“Diaspora” as a Creative and Historical Force

Review of The Apache Diaspora: Four Centuries of Displacement and Survival, by Paul Conrad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… of “violence.” Pekka Hämäläinen made an argument that the Comanche past constituted an “empire.” Benjamin Madley, … nation.” Despite this complexity, the author sticks to this Euro-American construct to frame his study, in part “because … of scholarship typically based in African diasporic studies, Conrad’s use of the term highlights the long history …

The Roots of Venezuela's Failing State

… bonanza, the government was able to spend more money (in absolute terms) from 1974 to 1979 than in its entire … in the last year on what people are calling “ the Maduro Diet ,” a scathing reference to current president Nicolás … in 2016. Diphtheria, once thought eradicated, has made a comeback . By some estimates, 2.5 million people have left …
Howard Dean speaking at a rally in 2003.

How to Rise from the Political Deathbed

… Howard Dean’s current bid to chair the Democratic National Committee is a test case of his political viability. It’s … amplification than of the offending event itself. Extra points are given if there’s a widespread sense that the … consumption, but originally directed at a much smaller audience. Several politicians provide excellent examples of …
A photograph of Viola Desmond

Remembering Viola Desmond

… that day, Desmond became the target of a racist incident, a common event for Blacks in Canada. Her decision to challenge … the past—and present—of anti-Black racism in Canada, but also of the heroism and dignity with which Black Canadians … and a public opinion survey on the Bank of Canada website is indicative of a willingness to acknowledge a …
Image of Jimmy Carter during his ‘Malaise’ Speech.

Should Obama Deliver Another ‘Malaise’ Speech?

…  Barack Obama ought to do the same. How should he do so?  He should ask Congress to approve an economic stimulus … to think about the balance between individual wants and common goals.   What was the effect of Carter's speech? Some … a collective goal.   In Iraq and Afghanistan, American soldiers a minority among thheir generation — are fighting two …
Image of President Carter displayed in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC. Portrait by Robert Templeton.

Obama Can Learn from Jimmy Carter, Too

… Barack Obama ought to do the same.   How should he do so? He should ask Congress to approve an economic stimulus … to think about the balance between individual wants and common goals.   What was the effect of Carter’s speech? Some … a collective goal.   In Iraq and Afghanistan, American soldiers a minority among their generation — are fighting two …
General Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1945.

Second-Guessing Hiroshima?

… indiscriminate killing of women and children, revolts my soul." Two days later, John Foster Dulles and Methodist … Hiroshima, the personal pilot of General Douglas MacArthur, commander of Allied forces in the Pacific, recorded in his … In 1963 President Eisenhower, the Allied commander in Europe during World War II, recalled, as he did on several …
Portrait of President James K. Polk from 1846.

The Lessons of Mr. Polk’s War

… would make this grab for territory morally different from European imperialism, which he condemned. Bush and his … history of foreign occupation, Iraqi civilians would welcome U.S. troops as liberators. Most Iraqis, like most … Service and a doctoral student in history and security studies at Yale. E-mail:  jmankoff@yahoo.com . …
MTA digital message campaign recognizes "Heroes moving Heroes," frontline employees who help other essential workers get to and from their jobs, 2020.

Work and Life after COVID-19

… able to move their lives onto virtual networks have done so. The COVID-19 pandemic has bifurcated the world of work. … other business carried out virtually over Zoom. The theater company, Gemini CollisionWorks, gathers most of its 22 … working remotely as they were banded together in an office. Companies might therefore continue to allow employees to …