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Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … were not without frustration and disappointment. A memo by one U.S. official attending these negotiations was prefaced with the …
JFK and Jackie Kennedy on a sailboat

Watching JFK Live and Die Years Later

… King. Stop the race riots. Stop Vietnam, maybe … Get rid of one wretched waif [Lee Harvey Oswald], buddy, and you could … events of November 22, 1963, in Dallas. Conservative radio commentator Bill O’Reilly’s best-selling nonfiction book … images of the Zapruder footage to the high art of Oliver Stone’s 1991 conspiracy film JFK . With their movie star …
The Alcoholics Anonymous logo at a church. (Image by Rachel K)

A Brief History of Alcoholics Anonymous

… Jung.  Jung suggested that alcoholism might only be overcome through a profound spiritual experience. Following … general form:   We … (1) admitted we were licked; (2) got honest with ourselves; (3) talked it over with another … carry the message to the alcoholic who still suffers” —and one that sought to avoid distractions and controversy that …
Portrait of Louis XVI, King of France and Navarre, c. 1779

The Execution of Louis XVI

… Temple, the fortified medieval monastery where he was imprisoned, to the Place de la Révolution, where the scaffold for … and Navarre, c. 1779. He traveled in the mayor's coach accompanied by his confessor, Henry Essex Edgeworth de … facts of the king’s execution were omitted from the official record of the event. The memory of Louis was kept …
Captured soldiers along the march with their hands tied behind their backs

The Bataan Death March

… Philippines was problematic at best. With the exception of one division of American regulars and a few capable Filipino … the mercurial personality of General Douglas MacArthur, commander of the U.S. and Filipino forces. Overconfident … inland, from which they would be moved by train to a prisoner of war camp. The victors, however, were unprepared for …
Count Gaston aboard his Jeantaud electric, 1899.

The Jeantaud Electric Car Land Speed Record

… single kilometer. Although the only electric vehicle at the competition, the Jeantaud handily beat its gasoline-powered … sold electric vehicles from 1883 to 1906. It was in one of Jeantaud’s electric vehicles that Count Gaston de … cars. If they beat the gasoline competition before, perhaps one day they’ll dominate again.  Learn more: Massimo …
The words "Equal Justice Under Law" which are inscribed on the front of the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

The Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

… revised the way representation in Congress was apportioned, aligning representation more closely with the voting … to vote or hold office. The third section disqualified anyone who had previously taken an oath to support the … too much about it." (Library of Congress) But that did not come to pass. The “no state shall” language was ideally …
man with a gun in a holster

Top Ten Origins: Gun Regulation

… front of the White House in the aftermath of the Majory Stoneman Douglas High School Shooting in February 2018. 1. … the British military. Yet, they also inherited the English common law tradition of regulating arms. English statutes … In 1792, Congress gave the president power to select two sites for the nation’s federal armories. George Washington …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … noble legacy they’d inherited from the Greeks. They raised money and sent clothes for the valiant champions of liberty. … to fight. But many wanted the United States to do something official. Congressman Daniel Webster, ever attuned to public …
A Mobil gas station in 1982.

A Case for Gasoline Price Controls

… successfully cut back many consumer prices. Bush frequently compares the war in Iraq to World War II. Last month, at a … have shown that Americans consider gasoline prices to be one of the most pressing issues that Bush must address. … the end of World War II consumer prices rose 67.4 percent. One of the most significant accomplishments by the Roosevelt …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)

The Dominican Republic and the United States: A Baseball History

… Over the past century, baseball has become a truly global game. The sport debuted at the Olympics … of the U.S. invasion of his nation. Dominicans were not alone in their embrace of baseball. The United States deployed … group of Major Leaguers including Babe Ruth, for example, visited countries like Japan in 1934 not just to spread the …
Soldiers from 3rd Infantry Division provide perimeter security for Iraqi policemen at a traffic control point in Tikrit, Iraq.

The Limits of Shock and Awe

… Smith returned to England, proclaiming his mission accomplished; but the Virginia Indian wars lasted for decades. … Mountain, where American "peasants" carrying old-fashioned weapons wiped out his forces. Modern weaponry is far more destructive and would seem able to convince any opponent to avoid fighting. The American Richard Gatling …
Northern Alliance Troops in Afghanistan in 2001.

Why Afghanistan Will Not Be a Quagmire

… has concluded that the Taliban regime in Afghanistan is complicit because it harbors al-Qaida. But will an American … So much for Afghan success. What about American failure?  One of the many problems the United States faced in Vietnam … Today, no nation dares risk U.S. wrath by shipping arms or money to the Taliban. Although neighboring Pakistan used to …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man … while angry bystanders apprehend Guiteau in the background. One bullet wounded him only slightly in the arm, but the … Who was this man who had shot the President? Why had he done it? As lawyers, psychologists, and reporters delved …
The Tower of David in the Old City of Jerusalem.

A Peace Plan That May Be Worse Than War

… In preparation for hosting an upcoming summit of Arab heads of state, Saudi Arabian Crown … opportunity to attack Israel and desecrate Jewish religious sites. For 19 years after Israel became a state in 1948 the … Ein Gev. Some members of that collective farm never slept one night of their childhoods outside a bomb shelter. In …
A map of northern Ireland

Ending the War in Northern Ireland

… is over. There will be celebrations, and peace will be welcomed by the ordinary people of Ulster. But as the great … slow.” History stands like a ghost at the elbow of everyone involved in the peace process; and history suggests that … in 1919-21, could not escape such attacks. As everyone who has seen the movie “Michael Collins” knows, he paid …
Downstream view of Marco Polo Bridge by Thomas Child, 1877. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937)

… walled municipality of Wanping. The eponymous 11-arched stone bridge, dating from the 1180s and mentioned by Marco Polo (hence the name in English), leads into … post-1868 empire, including Korea and Taiwan . The Chinese Communist Party would be reborn and re-legitimized through …