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Colombia: On the Brink of Peace with the FARC?

… June 23, 2016, while most of the world was awaiting the outcome of the Brexit vote, another major historical event was … see the state and its allies likewise escaping justice for past crimes. Additionally, Colombia’s history of violence … Union Party. His most significant résumé line was his service as defense minister (2006-2009) in the …
The Battle of Culloden by David Morier

Top Ten Origins: Scotland and the United Kingdom

… it remains a part of the United Kingdom or separates to become an independent state.  As the prospect of an … united under a single political state: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Until recently, the UK … the Scottish and English Parliaments individually had to pass acts to ratify the Treaty of Union.   Scottish popular …

Right-Wing Politics in India

… cross section of groups, including Hindu women, over the past 20 years. Nationalism and the Roots of Hindu … even under self-government either with a Civil War or treacherous overtures to alien invaders by the Moslems.” Dr. … them to suggest that Nehru and the Congress lacked the requisite strength to run a nation, while the war against …

Requiem: Detroit and the Fate of Urban America

… I saw the ad on a real estate web site a week ago. For sale: 3952 Chatsworth Street, Detroit, … And if, by some chance, an African-American family slipped past all the discriminatory practices and provisions and … moved onto our block. They were a young couple; school teachers, I think, though no one ever bothered to ask them. …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
A posthumous portrait of Ferdinand Magellan, painted c. 16th or 17th century

Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Earth

… in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de … Tierra del Fuego. The armada lost another ship during the passage through the Strait: the San Antonio , which became … of Magellan (left) ; a plaque in Cebu commemorating the site of Magellan's death, Philippines (right). Raja Humabon, …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… the support of southern representatives in Congress to pass their ambitious legislative programs. Framing the … were denied access to the resources of the Selective Service Readjustment Act (1944) because they had not served … When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal …
Cover A Revolution in Taste The Rise of French Cuisine, 1650–1800 by Susan Pinkard.

Bon Appetit, Historically Speaking

Review of A Revolution in Taste: The Rise of French Cuisine, 1650-1800 , by Susan Pinkard (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2009)
… fresh and local ingredients.  Many cookbooks published in past ten years promise simple and efficient ways to cook … Cheyne.  As a result, locally-grown, in-season vegetables gradually became fashionable at upper-class dining … debates about food in the Enlightenment.  These books combine descriptions of food and ingredients with innovative …
American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust, by Laura Levitt Book Cover

American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust

Review of American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust, by Laura Levitt (New York: New York University Press, 2007)
… to describe the legacy of loss. Although the Holocaust has come to be widely commemorated in the United States, and … townspeople. Levitt had briefly connected personally to the past by seeing it through the lens of her own experience and … extraordinary loss. For Levitt, the Holocaust is a Jewish past that profoundly affects her present. Yet, at the same …

A Sea of Troubles: The Philippines and Pacific Geopolitics

… Sea.” About a year later, President Barack Obama visited Manila to mark the signing of a new Enhanced Defense … While not explicitly backing Manila, Obama stressed his commitment to preserving stability in  the South China Sea . … mayor presides over Kalayaan, a municipality that also encompasses the Spratlys. The Philippine claim originates with …
Crowds of people in Kyiv, Ukraine

The Fate of Crimea, the Future of Ukraine, Part I

… The world has been electrified these past weeks by the explosive events in Ukraine: a dramatic … itself and produced not only informed analysis, but also impassioned pleas on behalf of the region.   Leticia Wiggins  … times that evolved into the Black Sea Fleet and this is a site that we all know is a very important strategic, warm …
Three 10th Mountain Division Ski troopers above Camp Hale in the Pando Valley, Colorado in February, 1944.

Skis, Samba, and Smoking Snakes: An Unlikely World War II Partnership

What happened when glacier-goggled American ski troops and samba-loving Brazilian soldiers fought side-by-side halfway across the world?
… in a stalemate with Axis troops north of Rome. With a commanding view of the narrow approach to the Po River … were high. A cohort of rowdy Brazilian veterans regaled passengers aboard the ship with the sounds of Samba as they … just hellacious weather, mud, a determined enemy, and treacherous terrain contributed to their unsuccessful assaults …

Two Popes and a Primate: The Changing Face of Global Christianity

… of 2013. Thanks to the explosion of electronic forms of communication, even since the election of Benedict in 2005, … of two popes and a primate allows us to reflect on the past and future of these diverse church bodies. Why, we … ornate cathedral became popular viewing on YouTube and news sites on the web. For Copts, however, it was God who made …

From Baghdad to Kabul: The Historical Roots of U.S. Counterinsurgency Doctrine

… the benefit of the clear military or geographic objectives common to more conventional wars. This lack of knowledge … either through enticements such as improved government services and provision of free education or through forced … grew in numbers and capability. Complicating matters, the Pashtun areas of western Pakistan provided safe havens for …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

… are being built in Brazil and China, while campaigns to decommission dams are gaining traction in the United States … which earned it distinction as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. At 28 meters it stands just higher than its … stunts like the transport of fish by boats up the river and past the dam drove activists to protest against the …
 Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner book Cover.

He Led His People Into the Desert

Review of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… and beliefs drastically shifted as he evolved from a penniless farmer on the social margins to the patriarch of a vast … is either pro-church or pro-academic.  It is only in the past fifty years that Mormon history on the whole has moved … of Young's evolution as a leader brings the full complexity of his character into focus.  Upon his ascension …

Original Origins

…   [PDF] Manhood on Trial: Homosexuality, Conduct Unbecoming, and the Military   [PDF] The State of the World … Republic: Gun Control in America [PDF] Will the Opportunity Pass Again?: U.S. Health Care Reform in 1994  (revised 2023) … .] "Generational X" Takes Control: Youth-operated Social Service Organizations [PDF] Out of the Closet and Into the …
William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: Shakespeare Lost & Found

… last history play Henry VIII: Or, All is True. A volatile combination of a cheap roof and pyrotechnic effects could … in several of his works, describing it in the opening passage of Henry V as “this wooden O.” In one of … (pictured below) located only 750 feet from the original site. Shakespeare’s Globe opened (or reopened, or even …
Cover of Caesar A Life in Western Culture by Maria Wyke.

A Man for All Seasons

Review of Caesar: A Life in Western Culture, by Maria Wyke (Chicago 2008)
… she discusses the uses to which Caesar's legend is put in service of various social and political interests from … Whereas in the 20th century, Caesar could just as easily become the savage conqueror again, someone to be resisted passionately, while Vercingetorix, the Gallic chieftain who …