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… guilty of treason against her own husband. Henry VIII had come to the throne in 1509 not as the larger-than-life … daughter of two Spanish royal houses. Since the Tudors had come to the throne only a few decades earlier, after a long … the widowed Catherine’s subsequent union with Henry would become controversial later. Yet it is important to remember …

… parties, struggle with their sexuality, track “likes” and “comments” on Facebook, experience domestic abuse, and dream … southwestern part of the island around 985 CE.  The medieval  Norse  settlers relied on the ecological niches of … Arctic .  Copenhagen believed the early presence of the medieval Norse Greenlanders made a clear case for Danish …

… remain determined, said Bush; if we waiver, Iraq will become another Vietnam. No one should be surprised that Bush … in the departments of history and interdisciplinary studies at Appalachian State University in Boone, N.C., and a …

… and hear Obama and learn more about him, they became more comfortable with the notion of his leadership in the White … principally as janitors, elevator operators, or cleaning ladies. It was difficult to imagine an African American as … they have watched many blacks delivering the news on CNN or commenting on television about the recent elections.   The …

… Board of the President’s Initiative on Race in June, commentators greeted the news with low expectations. Fifty … “Electric Charlie” Wilson of General Electric to chair his Committee on Civil Rights, few people expected much from his … is related to what was slavery’s main purpose: a supply of cheap unskilled labor. The Civil Rights Movement put the …

… on a mix of public and private pensions. Like it or not, company pensions are part of public policy. This struggle … old-age security, but these were mainly posturing. Among companies claiming to offer pensions, 84 percent did not … statements it deemed “prejudicial to the interests of the company.” Fewer than 2 percent of American workers retired …

… spirit. Even in the mid-19th century, New York City was in competition with new garden suburbs that beckoned well-to-do … city dwellers with natural landscaping, open space, and cheap commuter steamer and train service into the city.   …

… it. Halfway through his first term, he secretly decided to complete American troop withdrawals around election time. … off final withdrawal. If Bush follows the Nixon game plan completely, next year he will launch a big bombing campaign … 1971 trip to Beijing, he told the Chinese that if the Communists overthrew the South Vietnamese government after …

… that day, Desmond became the target of a racist incident, a common event for Blacks in Canada. Her decision to challenge … programs, Desmond earned a teacher’s certificate by completing a provincial test. She was required to teach in a … and a public opinion survey on the Bank of Canada website is indicative of a willingness to acknowledge a …

… 1939 to over two million in 1945 (64). This process was accompanied by considerable growing pains. Indian troops … it could be made to produce wartime goods without unduly competing with Britain (89). Early in the war, India’s … do occasionally include perspectives from ordinary soldiers that add a welcome human element to the fighting. …

… and the June 4th Massacre that horrified television audiences around the world. It’s natural to use 1989 as a … a way to use history when trying to make sense of China’s complicated present. Another kind of continuity between 1989 … image is only partly right. In fact, most of the people soldiers killed on June 4 were workers, not students. Patrick …

… less interest in actual immigrants who might settle and become part of the citizenry. The program thus conditioned … trying to work out ). Large agricultural companies wanted cheap labor while the Border Patrol and Immigration and … authority. The tension between employers looking for cheap labor and the federal government enforcing immigration …

… a battle fought here at home. The advocates of containing communism clearly defeated those led by General Douglas … of peace were so soon forgotten. The fear of change still combines with fear of recurring threats to make the United … or conquest. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …

… vaccines and by the concerns raised by now-discredited studies that linked vaccines and autism. And as vaccination … was brought to New England by Cotton Mather and Zabdiel Boylston in 1721. Following the development of … child as a man stands outside with a cow (from the Wellcome Trust). The term vaccination comes from variolae …

… the development of new technologies to reduce the cost and complexity of operating in space.   These proposals, … are rockets infallible: Insurance rates for the launch of a communications satellite can be 10 to 15 percent of its value. In comparison, the cost of auto insurance for a teenager seems …

… RSF as terrorists. Yasir al-Atta, the Sudanese army deputy commander, said in an interview on August 3, 2024, that the … of resources, the Arabian Peninsula would at times become over-populated. This led to mass migrations across the … Sudanese writer al-Sadiq al Raziqui wrote on Al-Jazeera’s website that mercenaries returning from  Yemen in 2019 were …

… thus passed into the language to refer to someone with no competence or apparent purpose. It turns out, however, that … in 1940 as a symbol of the administration's continuing commitment to the New Deal, was given significant … qualified to direct foreign policy if the president dies and to continue the basic policies in the next election …

… of the Second World War began. More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad … armies. Over 1.8 million became casualties. More Soviet soldiers died in the five-month battle than Americans in the … members of the Wehrmacht began growing increasingly uneasy. The Chief of the OKH staff, General Franz Halder, …

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most Americans had wished it success. They had hoped that commission members’ resolve and wisdom would move attention … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …

… story, the myth relegates that city’s more interesting, complicated history to the margins. Ian Worthington’s latest … here in a mosaic from the House of the Faun in Pompeii, died in 323 BCE, which incited confusion and revolt in … between Athens and Rome poignantly illustrate Athens’ complicated relationship with the rest of the Mediterranean …

… in between. Historians have traditionally focused on the outcomes of “the chiefs now in this city,” namely, treaties. … was a man who traveled with an escort of Pennsylvania soldiers; who insisted on not only an interpreter but a clerk … near the New Lutheran Church, 1800. Teedyuscung died in a suspicious fire that engulfed his home city in the …

… the global war on terror is the central event of our time, comparable to the great struggles of the last century … generation to confront and defeat global terror. This has become Americas mission to defend the peace through the … Thus, for most Americans, the global war on terror has become a little like global warming; we sense dimly that we …