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Flag of United States Semiquincentennial

Happy 250th Birthday America!

… of course, in 1776 there was no United States. Or in 1786, for that matter. The Constitution, which created the legal … states, by thirty other countries, and by private companies. Some visitors recorded that they left simply overwhelmed by it …
Man Celebrating Repeal Day with a banner that says "Good Old Days Are Back Again!"

Celebrating Repeal with a Drink, Not a Joint

… raised a virtual glass on Facebook to celebrate their freedom to drink as they please. The repeal of the 18th … that was happening anyway, since wealthier drinkers could afford to stockpile liquor before the 18th Amendment took … and Washington, the news media are now brimming with comparisons of alcohol to marijuana prohibition and “lessons …
Hollywood Movie store in Hong Kong, 2010.

Film, Television, and China’s (New) Cold War

… the term “New Cold War” has mushroomed among analysts and commentators seeking to define contemporary geopolitics. … rapprochement with the US. Nixon, after all, famously visited the country in 1972; the Shanghai Communique was … the United States as a democratic actor protecting the “free world” against totalitarian regimes headed by figures …
Hubert Robert's 1785 painting "Fire in Rome," showing the events of 64 CE.

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

… In the face of disasters we have come to expect that our governments will respond. … see him conferring with advisors, reassuring people, often visiting the site of the disaster or a relief center—usually … erected statues of him. Tiberius then struck and circulated coins celebrating his rebuilding efforts, the ancient …
Immigrant Rights Protest by Betty Tsang, Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

The Federal War on Immigrants Is a War on All Workers

… President Bush's immigration reform legislation appears to be dead in the U.S. Congress, … of well-publicized workplace raids to terrorize immigrant communities. Although immigrants bear the brunt of these … the raid, a Republican presidential hopeful Rudy Giuliani, visited Portland and cheered the actions of the ICE, linking …

Public Debt, Private Wealth: A History of Central Banks

… in order to separate it from the scandalous collapse of a commercial bank that had strong financial links to the king. … banks was by ensuring that its own banknotes circulated freely. They commanded maximum possible legitimacy by being … remittance of funds without having to use banknotes or coins. Emergency wartime arrangements were also extended to …
Zaporizhians by Józef Brandt, unknown date.

The Cossacks, Ukraine’s Paradigmatic Warriors

… has proven itself mighty and tenacious to an international community that may have previously thought them quiet and … and other values central to their cultural identity. For Ukrainians, the Cossacks, or Kozaks, are such figures, … Empire , says: “Soul and body shall we lay down for our freedom / And we will show, brothers, that we are of the …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… would be a “great menace in the future to humanity, the free world and freedom on earth,” Kennedy told a visiting French diplomat in January 1963. Kennedy’s words … Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from …

The Unkept Promise of Nuclear Power

… Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of plutonium, visited Richland, Washington, and the adjacent Hanford … attends Operation Plumbbob as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1968 (left). The nuclear reactors at the Hanford … nuclear is needed at least during a transition to a carbon-free future has emerged. Investors, including Bill Gates, …
Fully lit Menorah

Chanukah Candles Shed Light on Mideast Conflict

… all Jews, I grew up hearing the story of the brave young freedom fighters, the Maccabees, who miraculously freed … from the tyrant, Antiochus Epiphanes, and his army of foreign occupiers. I learned that today's Israeli soldiers, … Surely they know that nothing brings people together like a common enemy. But in the United States, the "rally round the …
State of Israel Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon, pictured during a defense meeting held at the Pentagon in Washington, District of Columbia (DC).

Is Sharon Following in the Steps of Nixon and de Klerk?

… with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. It was Sharon’s visit to the al-Aqsa mosque as opposition leader in … for this apparent transformation. Sharon is working toward complete Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip, … in 1972. The other? South African president F.W. de Klerk’s freeing of Nelson Mandela and his subsequent negotiations …
Soviet and US Flags

Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War

… between states across the globe. Exhibitions, concerts, performances, book readings, and film screenings captured the … Cold War with exchanges, in international fairs, cultural visits, concerts, exhibitions, film screenings, book … musicians that spread the ideas of the American dream and freedom, and also the Bolshoi Ballet performers, who …
Protestors against the U.S. Trump administration voice their commitment to the world's dispossessed.

The Politics of Refugee Aid in America’s “Short Century”

Review of Benevolent Empire: U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World's Dispossessed , by Stephen R. Porter Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
… U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World’s Dispossessed comes at a time that many observers of U.S. domestic … the initial enthusiasm to welcome so-called Hungarian “Freedom Fighters” into the U.S. had waned, many Hungarians … circumstances, wishing to return home. Eleanor Roosevelt visits Hungarian Freedom Fighters in Salzburg, Austria, …
The Pride Flag being hoisted onto the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.

Hatred Aimed at Gays Hurts All

… the Matthew Shepard Act — known also as the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act — a long and ugly … hands in public, embracing at an airport, or from being comfortable in workplaces where heterosexual family photos … of doggerel in a Massachusetts newspaper implied that the Freemasons, that venerable but secretive fraternity, were …
Antichristus, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder: the pope depicted as the Antichrist, using his temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler.

The Bible as a Political Tool

… The 5,280-pound monument of the Ten Commandments installed by the Alabama Supreme Court Chief … religious country with a long tradition of using the Bible for non-religious, particularly political, ends. Indeed, … in the Red Sea as Moses was leading the Israelites to freedom.   Franklin, who had studied Hebrew, suggested that …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created … parts of northern and eastern African coasts. And the visit of the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta to China in the … offered military intelligence, weapons, and training to freedom fighters in Algeria, Angola, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, …
Map of the Gaza Strip in May 2005, a few months prior to the Israeli withdrawal. The major settlement blocs were the blue-shaded regions of this map.

Threads of Hope Glimmer in the Middle East

… frontier with Lebanon has also been remarkably tranquil for months, even though Hezbollah militiamen, heavily armed … ups and downs, in 2003 more than 300,000 Israeli tourists visited the Turkish resort of Antalya. In 2009 it remains a …   Syria and Israel enjoy a frontier that has been casualty-free since l973. The Israeli-Syrian Disengagement Agreement, …
A refrigerator advertisement in The Ladies Home Journal, 1948.

The Feminine Mystique

… million mark, helping to spark a mass movement that transformed women’s legal status. Friedan’s book encouraged women to break free of what she called “the feminine mystique,” a concept … went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, which abuts … have flourished. In 2003 more than 300,000 Israeli tourists visited the Turkish resort of Antalya. In 2006 it remains a … Syria and Israel enjoy a frontier which has been casualty-free since l973, this despite Syria’s backing of …

From Gaza to Jerusalem: Is the Two State Solution under Siege?

… demands to inspect the cargo they carried, and Israeli navy commandos boarded the vessels before the boats pulled into Gaza waters. Nine passengers … affiliated with the Turkish Foundation for Human Rights and Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief were killed in an …
Border Fence/Wall

Shifting Borders: The Many Sides of U.S.-Mexican Relations

… Long before the recent initiatives to strengthen the border wall … Mexican-American War to the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement, what can history tell us about the current state of affairs and prospects for the future between the U.S. and Mexico? Join us as hosts …
A KFC in Hanoi, Vietnam

Kentucky Fried Globalization

… of Asia, coverage of President Bush’s recent whirlwind visit to Vietnam was bound to trigger a sense of d vu. Why? … American press corps will find a better way of handling the complex cultural dimensions of Vietnam’s re-engagement with … counterparts, strive to stay in power by limiting political freedoms while increasing the choices that people have about …
The Norwegians Land in Iceland 872 by Oscar Wergeland (1877).

Why We Love the Vikings

… system and honor code that expected certain behaviors from free men and women. They convened at regional assemblies … ties were also immensely important, for one often needed community support at the assembly to win a legal case. Thus, … One thing is certain: one of the reasons we keep revisiting and reimagining the Viking Age is because we are …